Some heavy vector and tensor meson decay constants in light-front quark model

We study the decay constants (fM\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$f_M$$\end{document}) of the heavy vector (D∗\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$D^{*}$$\end{document}, Ds∗\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$D^{*}_{s}$$\end{document}, B∗\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$B^{*}$$\end{document}, Bs∗\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$B^{*}_{s}$$\end{document}, Bc∗\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$B^{*}_{c}$$\end{document}) and tensor (D2∗\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$D_{2}^{*}$$\end{document}, Ds2∗\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$D_{s2}^{*}$$\end{document}, B2∗\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$B^{*}_{2}$$\end{document}, Bs2∗\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$B^{*}_{s2}$$\end{document}) mesons in the light-front quark model. With the known pseudoscalar meson decay constants of fD\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$f_D$$\end{document}, fDs\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$f_{D_s}$$\end{document}, fB\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$f_B$$\end{document}, fBs\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$f_{B_s}$$\end{document}, and fBc\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$f_{B_c}$$\end{document} as the input parameters to determine the light-front meson wave functions, we obtain fD∗,Ds∗,B∗,Bs∗,Bc∗=(252.0-11.6+13.8\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$f_{D^{*}, D^{*}_{s}, B^{*},B^{*}_s,B^{*}_c} = (252.0^{+13.8}_{-11.6}$$\end{document}, 318.3-12.6+15.3\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$318.3^{+15.3}_{-12.6}$$\end{document}, 201.9-41.4+43.2\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$201.9^{+43.2}_{-41.4}$$\end{document}, 244.2±7.0\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$244.2\pm 7.0$$\end{document}, 473.4±18.2\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$473.4\pm 18.2$$\end{document}) and (264.9-9.5+10.2\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$(264.9^{+10.2}_{-9.5}$$\end{document}, 330.9-9.0+9.9\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$330.9^{+9.9}_{-9.0}$$\end{document}, 220.2-46.2+49.1\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$220.2^{+49.1}_{-46.2}$$\end{document}, 265.7±8.0\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$265.7\pm 8.0$$\end{document}, 487.6±19.2\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$487.6\pm 19.2$$\end{document}) MeV with Gaussian and power-law wave functions, respectively, while we have fD2∗,Ds2∗,B2∗,Bs2∗\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$f_{D_{2}^{*},D_{s2}^{*},B^{*}_{2},B^{*}_{s2}}$$\end{document}= (143.6-21.8+24.9\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$143.6^{+24.9}_{-21.8}$$\end{document}, 209.5-24.2+29.1\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$209.5^{+29.1}_{-24.2}$$\end{document}, 80.9-27.7+33.8\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$80.9^{+33.8}_{-27.7}$$\end{document}, 109.7-15.0+15.7\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$109.7^{+15.7}_{-15.0}$$\end{document}) MeV with only Gaussian wave functions.


Introduction
Meson decay constants contain useful information on the nonperturbative behavior of QCD between quarks and antiquarks inside mesons. In addition, the determinations of these helpful parameters can also be used to constrain the CKM mixing matrix elements in weak mesonic decays. In recent years, many heavy vector and tensor mesons have been experimentally discovered, such as the excited states of the charmed mesons [1][2][3][4][5][6][7], observed by Babar, Belle, CLEO, FOCUS, and LHCb Collaborations. Moreover, D0 [8,9] and CDF [10,11] Collaborations have confirmed the bottom states of B 1 (5721), B 2 (5747), B s1 (5830) and B * s2 (5840). In some of these hadron states, the quantum numbers are I (J P ) = 1 2 (2 + ). The investigations of these particles are clearly important in hadron physics both theoretically and experimentally. The recent experimental results a e-mail: geng@phys.nthu.edu.tw b e-mail: cclih@phys.nthu.edu.tw c e-mail: chxia@cqjtu.edu.cn on the parameters of these mesons would help us to understand the meson properties and the nonperturbative dynamics as well as the vacuum structure of QCD.
In the literature, the decay constants of heavy vector and tensor mesons are somewhat less discussed. In particular, compared to the scalar and pseudoscalar mesons, there are few theoretical works devoted to the analysis of the properties for the tensor mesons. The main purpose of this work is to examine the vector and tensor mesons decay constants simultaneously within the framework of the light-front quark model (LFQM), which has been widely used in the phenomenological study of meson physics. The LFQM is a good way for solving the nonperturbative problems of hadron physics and provides inside information as regards the internal structure of the bound state. The meson decay constant can be described by a two-point function and regarded as one of the simplest physical observable in the LFQM. This framework has been applied successfully to explain various properties of pseudoscalar and vector mesons [12][13][14].
The paper is organized as follows. In Sect. 2, we present the basic formalism of the LFQM. In Sect. 3, we show our numerical results on the decay constants in the LFQM. Our conclusions are given in Sect. 4.

Formalism
In the LFQM, a neutral meson wave function is constructed in terms of its constituent quark q and anti-quarkQ with the total momentum p and spin S as [15], where M represents for a P (pseudoscalar) or V (vector) or T (tensor) meson, M is the wave function of the corresponding qQ and k 1(2) (λ 1 (2) ) is the on-mass shell LF momentum (helicity) of the internal quark. In the momentum space, M can be expressed as a covariant form [12,13,[16][17][18] where φ M (x, k ⊥ ) describes the momentum distribution amplitude of the bound state for the S-or P-wave meson, (x, k ⊥ ) are LF relative momentum variables, defined by and stands for witĥ There are several phenomenological light-front wave functions to describe the possible hadronic structures in the literature. In our work, we shall use the Gaussian-type and power-law wave functions, given by [19][20][21][22][23] respectively, where ω is the scale parameter, N c is the number of colors, N = 4(π/ω 2 ) by The pseudoscalar and vector mesonic decay constants are defined by where A μ =qγ μ γ 5 Q and V μ =qγ μ Q, respectively. For an 3 P 2 tensor meson with J PC = 2 ++ , the decay constant cannot be produced through the local V − A and tensor currents. But it can be created from the local currents involving covariant derivatives [24][25][26][27]: where and The polarization tensor μν for a massive spin-2 particle can be constructed out of the polarization vector of a massive vector state [27,28], given by From the definitions of the meson decay constants, one has where M is a vertex function, related to the momentum distribution amplitude of the qQ Fock state. From Eqs. (3) and (15), we find the vertex function as where we have used the light-front variables in Eq. (4). Then the explicit expressions of the meson decay constants are given by [29][30][31][32] where

Vector meson decay constants
In the numerical calculation, we take the known decay constants of the pseudoscalar mesons (P) and quark masses to evaluate the scalar parameters of ω P . For the meson wave functions, we first use the Gaussian-type wave function in Eq. (7a) and then the power-law one in Eq. (7b). For the latter, we only briefly summarize our results. We start from the decay constants of f D and f D s from the PDG [33], given by  which lead to the ratios of the vector and pseudoscalar meson decay constants as respectively. Note that the uncertainties in Eqs. (19) come from those of Eq. (18) and m c , while the errors in Eq. (20) result from the combinations of those in Eqs. (18) and (19). From the Belle experimental results [34,35] and the lattice QCD calculations [36] of f B , f B s , and f B c [39], given by    Similarly, we can derive the ranges of the decay constants f B * and f B * s to be Note that the large error in Eq. (22) for f B * originates from the one in Eq. (21) for f B . Subsequently, we get the ratios of the vector and pseudoscalar meson decay constants as In Table 1, we summarize our results with both Gaussian and power-law meson wave functions for the vector meson decay constants. In the table, we also show the other related theoretical values in the literature [37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46]. From the table, we find that our numerical values with the power-law wave functions are slightly higher than those with the Gaussian ones. In addition, we can see that our results for f D ( * ) (s) ,B ( * ) (s) are consistent with those from the Lattice QCD [38] and QCD sum rules (QCDSR) in Refs. [40,42] but larger than the ones in Ref. [43].
We note that f B * (s) / f B < 1 in Ref. [43]. For f B * c , our predicted values are all larger than those in Refs. [39,41]. By comparing with Ref. [37], we see that our predictions for f D * , f D * s , and f B * are consistent each other within errors, but those for f B * s and f B * c are not. The main reasons for the differences are that the author in Ref. [37] used a different set of input parameters such as quark masses and decay constants of the pseudoscalar mesons.
Finally, we remark that if we take the sharp parameters ω V of the vector mesons to be different from ω P of the pseudoscalar ones, e.g. ω V ∼ (1 + 5 %)ω P , the corresponding vector meson decay constants will increase about 5 % for the same set of input parameters. It is clear that our assumption of ω V ∼ ω P is a consequence of the heavy quark limit, in which f P = f V is expected [47][48][49], so that it may only be applied to the heavy mesons as it obvious breaks down for the light mesons, such as the case of π and ρ.

Tensor meson decay constants
Similar to the vector meson cases, if we take the parameters of ω T to be the same as the corresponding ones for the pseudoscalar mesons, we may calculate the decay constants of the tensor mesons D * 2 , D * s2 , B * 2 , and B * s2 . In this part of the study, we shall concentrate on the Gaussian-type of the meson wave functions in Eq. (7a). Note that the relation in Eq. (7c) has been demonstrated only with the Gaussian wave functions [50]. Explicitly, we obtain where m u,s,c,b = 0.25, 0.38, 1.6, and 4.8 in GeV have been used to evaluate the center values. Consequently, we find the ratios of the two related tensor meson decay constants to be In Figs. 7 and 8, we show the tensor decay constants of D 2,s 2 (B 2,s 2 ) as functions of m c(b) . One can see that the decay constants are enhanced if m c(b) increases.
In Table 2, we list our results for the tensor meson decay constants in the LFQM along with those in QCDSR [51]. From the table, we observe that our predicted value for D * s2 is close to that in QCDSR, whereas the other ones are about 20 % smaller. It is interesting to note that our results in the LFQM match with those in QCDSR if larger quark masses of m c,b are used.

Conclusions
We have studied the decay constants of the heavy vector (D * , D * s B * , B * s , B * c ) and tensor (D * 2 , D * s2 , B * 2 , B * s2 ) mesons in the LFQM. In our study, we have used the known