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Molecular Identity of Laonice cirrata (Sars, 1851) (Annelida, Spionidae) and Description of a New Laonice species from the Northwest Pacific

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Abstract

Originally described from the northern Norway, Laonice cirrata (M. Sars, 1851) has been considered cosmopolitan and widely distributed in the North Pacific. To clarify the taxonomic status of the Pacific worms, we obtained the genetic characteristics of L. cirrata from Grøtsund Fjord, near Tromsø, one of the sites where Michael Sars collected worms to describe this species. The phylogenetic analysis of sequences of five gene fragments (mitochondrial COI and 16S rDNA, nuclear 18S rDNA and 28S rDNA, and Histone 3) showed significant difference between the Norwegian worms and worms from the north-western part of the Sea of Japan (Russia) earlier identified by morphology as L. cirrata. Common inhabitants of shallow waters in the Sea of Japan, these worms are assigned to the new species Laonice kasyanovi sp. nov. Both Northeast Atlantic and the Northwest Pacific populations exhibit high and overlapping variability of the diagnostic morphological characters of adults, and thus the two species can be considered as siblings. The distribution of these two species in the North Pacific remains uncertain and can only be elucidated by molecular data. Adults and one larva from the White Sea were also sequenced and found to be genetically identical to L. cirrata from Norway. The trochophores of L. cirrata are described and illustrated. They are characterized by two circles of large vesicles in the thick egg membrane and have been incorrectly referred to Aonides by previous authors.

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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Our sincere thanks to Ida Dahl Hansen for help in sampling in Grøtsund Fjord (Norway), Vjacheslav Potin for providing information about Laonice samples deposited in the ZISP collection, James T. Carlton for providing valuable comments and editing the final version of the manuscript, and two anonymous reviewers for their comments and important suggestions. We are grateful to the late Mary E. Petersen for her generous help and assistance with the polychaete collection of the Zoological Museum, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.

Funding

The scientific visits of Vasily I. Radashevsky to Akvaplan-niva (Tromsø, Norway) in 2018 and 2019 were supported by the Norwegian Research Council (project no. NFR 233635/H30 “Environmental management of petroleum activities in the Barents Sea: Norwegian-Russian collaboration” headed by Paul E. Renaud). Financial support for this study was provided by the Government of the Russian Federation (Federal scientific and technical Program in the field of environmental development of the Russian Federation and climate change for 2021–2030; project no. 123080800009-5), the Russian Science Foundation (project no. 21-74-20028), and by the Korean Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries (MOF) for the Korea Institute of Marine Science & Technology Promotion (project no. KIMST 20220526 “Development of living shoreline technology based on blue carbon science toward climate change adaptation”).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 690041, Vladivostok, Russia

    V. I. Radashevsky & V. V. Pankova

  2. Akvaplan-niva AS, Fram Centre, 9296, Tromsø, Norway

    A. V. Sikorski

  3. Blue Carbon Research Center, Seoul National University, 08826, Seoul, Republic of Korea

    Jin-Woo Choi

  4. Pertsov White Sea Biological Station, Faculty of Biology, Moscow State University, Republic Karelia, Russia

    T. V. Neretina & A. B. Tzetlin

  5. Faculty of Biology, Moscow State University, 119992, Moscow, Russia

    A. A. Prudkovsky

  6. Murmansk Marine Biological Institute, Kola Science Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, 183010, Murmansk, Russia

    L. V. Pavlova

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  1. V. I. Radashevsky
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Correspondence to V. I. Radashevsky.

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Paper published in connection with the 50th anniversary of the Laboratory of Embryology of Zhirmunsky National Research Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences.

Supplementary Information

Table ESM1. Sampling location data and museum registration numbers of Laonice cirrata.

Table ESM2. Sampling location data and museum registration numbers of the type specimens of Laonice kasyanovi sp. nov.

Table ESM3. Sampling location data and museum registration numbers of the non-type specimens of Laonice kasyanovi sp. nov. and Laonice cf. kasyanovi sp. nov.

Table ESM4. Sampling location data and museum registration numbers of Laonice spp.

Table ESM5. List of the museums and collections (and their acronyms) holding the examined or reported specimens of Laonice spp.

Table ESM6. Taxa, sampling location data, museum registration numbers of voucher specimens and GenBank accession numbers of sequences used in the analysis.

Table ESM7. Uncorrected pairwise average genetic distances (p, in %) between clades of COI, 16S, 18S, 28S, and Histone 3 gene sequences of Laonice spp.

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Radashevsky, V.I., Sikorski, A.V., Pankova, V.V. et al. Molecular Identity of Laonice cirrata (Sars, 1851) (Annelida, Spionidae) and Description of a New Laonice species from the Northwest Pacific. Russ J Mar Biol 49 (Suppl 1), S29–S46 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1063074023080060

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