Extreme Atmospheric and Hydrological Phenomena in Russian Regions: Relationship with the Pacific Decadal Oscillation

Abstract

The regional features of the formation of extreme atmospheric and hydrological, climatic, and ecological regimes in connection with the manifestations of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) against the background of the general warming of recent decades are estimated. In particular, the record Amur flood in 2013 and the Kamchatka “red tide” in 2020 were formed due to positive temperature anomalies in the western Pacific Ocean in the Northern Hemisphere, which corresponded to the negative PDO phase. Large-scale climatic variations, like the “climate shift” in the second half of the 1970s, are associated with PDO; their connection with the peculiarities of atmospheric blockings is noted. In particular, the frequency of summer atmospheric blockings, maximal over the European territory of Russia, is especially high during a negative PDO phase. The record-long atmospheric blocking period over the European Russia in summer 2010, with record heat and fires, fell precisely on a negative PDO phase.