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Plume Magmatism at Franz Josef Land

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The morphological types of geological sections, newly acquired 40Ar/39Ar isotope dates, and geochemical and mineralogical data on Jurassic–Cretaceous basaltic rocks at Franz Josef Land indicate that plume magmatism evolved in this archipelago in two episodes. The Jurassic episode (at 192 ± 3 Ma) was marked by eruptions only of low-K tholeiites. The lava flows of this stage are characterized by combination of textures of two types in their flows: colonnade large-prismatic (in the bottom portions of the flows) and randomly oriented faned small-prismatic parting (in the tops of the flows). During the Late Jurassic–Cretaceous episode (at 157 ± 3 Ma, 132 ± 1 Ma, and 115 ± 1 Ma), low-K tholeiites were erupted together with subalkaline tholeiites, which compose flows, most of the sills, and all the dykes we studied in the archipelago. The lava flows of this episode typically have only columnar and block parting structures. The episodes of magmatic activity well correlate with episodes of continental sedimentation on the archipelago and are separated from one another with an episode of marine transgression in the Middle Jurassic. The volcanics of the low-K series typically bear relatively low concentrations of TiO2 (≤2 wt %) and MgO (mostly 5–6 wt %), low K2O concentrations (≤0.3 wt %), and weakly fractionated REE patterns (Lan/Ybn = 2.11–2.30). The rocks of the subalkaline series are richer in K2O (0.7–1.2 wt %), TiO2, HFSE, and LILE and have fractionated REE patterns (Lan/Ybn = 3.85–4.45). The mineralogical composition of the rocks of both series is practically exactly similar. The rocks are dominated by pyroxene and plagioclase and contain subordinate amounts of olivine, titanomagnetite, and ilmenite. The pyroxenes are augite (XCa = 0.32–0.42), and the low-K tholeiites contain two pyroxenes: augite and subcalcic augite (XCa = 0.12–0.25). The Early Cretaceous low-K tholeiites contain PGE minerals (of the Au–Cu–Pd type): cuproauride Au(Cu, Pd), auricuprite Au(Cu, Pd)3, and compounds close to skaergaardite PdCu and nilsenite PdCu3. It is interesting that the volcanic rocks of both Early Cretaceous series contain magmatic siderite.

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Funding

This study was supported by Project VII.54.1.3, the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (project nos. 08-05-00180, 08-05-00733, 18-05-70040, and 18-05-70109), and Project ONZ-10.1. The mineral investigations were funded by the government of the Russian Federation (Project 075-15-2019-1883).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Geological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia

    Yu. V. Karyakin

  2. Institute of the Earth’s Crust, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Irkutsk, Russia

    E. V. Sklyarov

  3. Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia

    A. V. Travin

  4. Novosibirsk State Technical University, Novosibirsk, Russia

    A. V. Travin

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Translated by E. Kurdyukov

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Karyakin, Y.V., Sklyarov, E.V. & Travin, A.V. Plume Magmatism at Franz Josef Land. Petrology 29, 528–560 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0869591121050027

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