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Observations of the Atmospheric Composition over Russia: TROICA Experiments

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Abstract

Results obtained in the course of unique observations (as part of the TROICA project) of the composition and state of the atmosphere over Russia have been summarized. Scientists and engineers from different countries took part in these observations. The main task of these observations was to measure atmospheric contents of trace gases and aerosols and both meteorological and radiative characteristics of the atmosphere using a mobile laboratory designed and brought into operation specially for transcontinental observations along the network of Russian electrified railroads. A large database obtained in the TROICA experiments using the mobile laboratory, in field experiments, and at scientific stations is still under analysis. In this work, the most important results published earlier and obtained recently are discussed, which makes it possible to form a comprehensive picture of the spatial distribution and temporal variability of the atmospheric composition over northern Eurasia.

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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

These measurements aboard the mobile laboratory included in passenger trains and the creation of a modern mobile laboratory would not have been possible without financial, organizational, and technical supports from the Russian Ministry of Railways, Russian Research Institute of Railway Transport, and the personal participation of their managers and experts (namely, A.L. Lisitsyn, I.S. Besedin, A.E. Semechkin, V.V. Sevastyanov, K.P. Shenfeld, A.M. Grisenko, O.V. Lavrova, and I.G. Bogorodskaya). Specialists from the OIAP RAS—G.I. Gorchakov, I.G. Granberg, A.S. Elokhov, A.I. Igaev, A.A. Kozlova, V.M. Kopeikin, B.S. Denisov, L.V. Lisitsyna, R.A. Shumsky, N.V. Pankratova, and E.V. Berezina—and from the KIPC—A.V. Andronova, M.A. Iordansky, V.M. Minashkin, I.A. Nevsky, and Yu.I. Obvintsev—participated in developing the measuring system and performing measurements at different stages of the TROICA experiments.

A few foreign institutions also took part in these experiments. The Max Planck Institute for Chemistry (MPIAC) was the most active and reliable partner of Russian institutions in the course of this multiyear project. MPIAC Director, P. Crutzen was one of the ideologists and initiators of the TROICA experiments. His constant support and active participation in the work of his colleagues—J. Lelieveld, E. Oberlander, and D. Scharffe—provided success in conducting the first TROICA experiments and laid the foundation for their further development. Great assistance in equipping the modern mobile laboratory was rendered by specialists from the NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory: J.W. Elkins, D. Hurst, and P. Romashkin. As a result of close cooperation between scientists from the ESRL and OIAP, Prof. N.F. Elansky was given the Environmental Hero Award in 2004. All participants of the TROICA experiments are grateful to E.N. Kadygrov, the ATTEX manager; L. Beutler, the HORIBA manager; B.A.H. Dieterink, the Kipp & Zonen manager; and T. Kilgus and S. Kilgus, the MLU specialists for measurement instruments that were provided. Collaborators V.-M. Kerminen, M. Kulmala, and M. Heimann also contributed to the successful performance of the project.

Funding

Significant financial support was required to organize and carry out the TROICA experiments. Of great importance was the financial support provided by the International Science and Technology Center, the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, and the INCO-COPERNICUS and INTAS International Programs.

Results obtained in implementing the projects of the Russian Fund for Basic Research (nos. 19-05-00352, Section 3.7; 17-29-05102, Sections 4.1 and 5.1; 18-35-20031, Section 3.6) and the Russian Science Foundation (no. 20-17-00200, Section 7.3) were used in preparing this work.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Obukhov Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119017, Moscow, Russia

    N. F. Elansky, G. S. Golitsyn, I. B. Belikov & A. I. Skorokhod

  2. Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, 55128, Mainz, Germany

    P. J. Crutzen & C. A. M. Brenninkmeijer

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  1. N. F. Elansky
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  2. G. S. Golitsyn
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  3. P. J. Crutzen
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  4. I. B. Belikov
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  5. C. A. M. Brenninkmeijer
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  6. A. I. Skorokhod
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Correspondence to N. F. Elansky.

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Translated by B. Dribinskaya

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Elansky, N.F., Golitsyn, G.S., Crutzen, P.J. et al. Observations of the Atmospheric Composition over Russia: TROICA Experiments. Izv. Atmos. Ocean. Phys. 57, 72–90 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0001433821010047

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