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The Unending Development Question of Nigeria

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Abstract

Nigeria is not just a country in Africa but a major and critical one. This is given its massive population size (human) and other important resources. Nigeria is the most populous country in Africa and it is among the most natural resources endowed nations on the continent. Nigeria is strategic to leadership provision in Africa as this has been proven over the years by its frontline roles in ECOWAS (Economic Community of West African States), AU (African Union), NEPAD (New Economic Partnership for African Development) and African Commonwealth for instance. This is why the negative multiplier effects of Nigeria’s continued underdevelopment have been widely acknowledged and remain great concern since the consequences of the underdevelopment not only impact the country and Africa but also the world at large. Old and recent developments in Nigeria make another interrogation compelling. Given the lingering disjuncture between democratic expectations and development results in Nigeria, as a good African underdevelopment case study, there is a need for continued examination and engagement of the development question that has remained unanswered. It is against this background that this article contributes to the burgeoning body of literature on the persistent underdevelopment of Africa, through Nigeria’s case study, with a view to further understanding the trajectories. This is particularly important as existing narratives, tales, explanations and practices appear to insufficiently account for the development realities of Nigeria, as it remains deeply rooted in underdevelopment. Methodologically, based on primary insights and secondary data through systematic review of literature and databases, the article addresses pertinent issues about Nigeria's development and articulate lucid descriptions of the development challenges faced by Nigeria. The article reviewed Nigeria's past experiences of failed development policy and examined the factors responsible for development failures with conclusions and recommendations on how Nigeria can overcome the obstacles to development as best practice for developing countries.

Résumé

Le Nigeria est un pays africain parmi les plus importants et critiques du continent, grâce à la taille de sa population et à ses autres ressources considérables. Il est le pays le plus peuplé en Afrique, et possède des ressources naturelles parmi les plus étendues du continent. Le Nigeria est stratégiquement placé à la prestation de direction en Afrique, comme a été démontré, au fur et mesure des années, par son rôle de pointe dans la Communauté Economique des Etats de l’Afrique de l’Ouest (CEDEAO; en anglais, Economic Community of West African States, ECOWAS), l’Union Africaine (UA; en anglais, African Union, AU), l’Agence de Développement de l’Union Africaine (ADUA; en Anglais, New Economic Partnership for African Development, NEPAD) et sa présence parmi les pays Africains du Commonweath, par exemple. Le sous-développement au Nigeria entraîne un effet multiplicateur négatif qui est amplement reconnu et qui cause une grande préoccupation, puisque les effets de ce sous-développement impactent le Nigeria d’abord, mais aussi toute l’Afrique et le monde entier. Les changements au Nigeria, anciens et récents, demandent donc un autre étude de ce pays. L’écart entre les attentes en matière de démocratie et les résultats des actions du développement montrent qu’il faut continuer à examiner et s’engager avec le développement au Nigeria, comme un excellent exemple d’étude de cas de sous-développement. Tenant compte de ce contexte, cet étude contribue à la littérature croissante sur le sous-développement qui persiste en Afrique à travers l’étude du cas du Nigeria, visant à mieux comprendre les trajectoires. Ceci est d’autant plus important puisque les narratives, contes, explications et pratiques ne sont apparemment suffisantes pour expliquer les réalités développementales du Nigeria, puisque le pays reste profondément ancré dans son sous-développement. Méthodologiquement, utilisant des aperçus primaires et des données secondaires obtenus à travers une revue systématique de la littérature et des bases de données, cet étude adresse le développement du Nigeria et propose une articulation lucide des défis de développement auxquels fait face ce pays. On passe les expériences manqués de politique développementale antérieures au Nigeria en revue, et on examine les facteurs responsables pour l’échec de ce développement, apportant des conclusions et recommandations visant comment le Nigeria peut surmonter les obstacles à son développement, et donner exemple de bonnes pratiques pour d’autres pays en voie de développement.

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Correspondence to Olayinka Akanle.

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Akanle, O., Shittu, O.S. The Unending Development Question of Nigeria. Eur J Dev Res 34, 321–342 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1057/s41287-021-00377-1

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