Abstract
This chapter examines the European judicial and non-judicial mechanisms’ attitude to the right to conscientious objection. In this regard, the understanding of the Council of Europe, the European Union, and the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe will be explored.
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Notes
For further information on the travaux préparatoires of Article 9 of the European Convention on Human Rights, see Robertson, A. H. (1975), Collected Edition of the ‘Travaux Préparatoires’ of the European Convention on Human Rights (CETP), vol. I–VIII, Preparatory Commission of the Council of Europe, Committee of Ministers, Consultative Assembly, 11 May–8 September 1949, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers: The Hague.
Decker, D. C. and Fresa, L., ‘The Status of Conscientious Objection under Article 4 of the European Convention on Human Rights’, New York University Journal of International Law and Politics, 33 (2001), p. 415.
For further information, see Erdal, U. and Bakırcı, H. (2006), Article 3 of the European Convention on Human Rights, The World Organization Against Torture: Geneva, pp. 36–38.
Boyle, K., ‘Conscientious Objection in International Law and the Osman Murat Ülke Case’ in Çınar and Üsterci (2009), p. 217 (footnote omitted).
Hammarberg, T., ‘Judgments Issued by the European Court Cannot be Ignored’, 19 July 2011, available at http://commissioner.cws.coe.int/tiki-view_blog_post.php?postId=154 (accessed 8 January 2012).
Çınar, Ö. H. (2005), Avrupa İnsan Haklan Mahkemesi Kararlannin Türk Hukukuna Etkisi, İnsan Hakları Derneği İstanbul Şubesi Yayınları: İstanbul, pp. 113–128.
For further information see Brillant, R., ‘The Supervisory Machinery of the European Social Charter: Recent Development and their Impact’ in de Búrca G, de Witte B. (eds) (2005), Social Rights in Europe, Oxford University Press: New York, pp. 31–44.
Normal military service is nine months. See Brett, D. (2013), ‘Annual Report: Conscientious Objection to Military Service in Europe 2013’, European Bureau for Conscientious Objection: Brussels, p. 47.
Charter of Fundamental Rights of European Union is available at http://wwweuroparl.europa.eu/charter/default_en.htm (accessed 15 January 2012); see also Steiner, J. and Woods, L. (2003), Textbook on EC Law, 8th edn, Oxford University Press: Oxford, pp. 162–163.
At the time of writing (March 2014) the EU has five candidate members (Iceland, Montenegro, Serbia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, and Turkey). Iceland does not possess an army. Montenegro, the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, and Serbia do not have compulsory military service, while Turkey has compulsory military service. In addition, Turkey does not recognise conscientious objection. For further information see Çınar, Ö. H., ‘A View on International Implementation of the Right to Conscientious Objection’ in Çınar and Üsterci (2009), p. 184; Brett (2013), p. 44.
Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe and Office for the Democratic Institutions and Human Rights (2005), ‘OSCE Human Dimension Commitments: Thematic Compilation’, 2nd edn, vol. II, OSCE Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights: Warsaw, p. xv;
Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe and Office for the Democratic Institutions and Human Rights (2008), ‘Handbook on Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms of Armed Forces Personnel’, OSCE Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights: Warsaw, p. 11.
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© 2014 Özgür Heval Çinar
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Çinar, Ö.H. (2014). Regional Level: The European Human Rights System. In: The Right to Conscientious Objection to Military Service and Turkey’s Obligations under International Human Rights Law. Palgrave Pivot, New York. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137468116_3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137468116_3
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