Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Insecurities of Non-Dominance: Re-Theorizing Human Security and Environmental Change in Developed States

  • Chapter
Book cover Natural Resources and Social Conflict

Part of the book series: International Political Economy Series ((IPES))

Abstract

Contemporary human security theory often characterizes people as secure or insecure based largely upon the ‘security’ of their respective states. Although some research explicitly notes that human insecurity can arise in developed and developing states, seldom does it pay the former more than cursory attention; repeatedly, the unspoken assumption is that citizens of developed states don’t actually experience, or experience very little, human insecurity (see, for example, Thomas and Wilkin, 1999; ICISS, 2001; Hampson et al., 2002; CHS, 2003; Roberts, 2008).1 Such an approach, however, assumes generally uniform security conditions within a given state, and depends upon gendered characterizations of ‘secure’ states in the Global North exporting or promoting human security to ‘insecure’ states in the Global South. Consequently, it obscures conditions of insecurity experienced by minority or marginalized groups within otherwise ‘secure’ states and societies. As a result, human insecurity within developed states remains under-theorized and under-examined.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • ACIA, 2004. Impacts of a Warming Climate: Arctic Climate Impact Assessment. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Adler, E., 2005. ‘Imagined (Security) Communities: Cognitive Regions in International Relations’. In E. Adler, ed., Communitarian International Relations: The Epistemic Foundations of International Relations. New York: Routledge, 178–199.

    Google Scholar 

  • AHDR, 2004. Arctic Human Development Report. Akureyri: Steffanson Arctic Institute.

    Google Scholar 

  • Anderson, B., 2006. Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism. London: Verso.

    Google Scholar 

  • Behringer, R. M., 2005. ‘Middle Power Leadership on the Human Security Agenda’. Cooperation and Conflict 40(3), 305–42.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Burnet, P., 1987. ‘Environmental Politics and Inuit Self-Government’. In F. Griffiths, ed., Politics of the Northwest Passage. Montreal: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 181–99.

    Google Scholar 

  • Buzan, B., 1991. People, States and Fear: An Agenda for International Security Studies in the Post-Cold War Era. Boulder: Lynne Rienner Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Buzan, B., 2004. ‘A Reductionist, Idealistic Notion that Adds Little Analytical Value’. Security Dialogue, 35(3), 369–70.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Buzan, B., O. Waever and J. de Wilde, 1998. Security: A New Framework for Analysis. Boulder: Lynne Rienner.

    Google Scholar 

  • CBC News, 2009. ‘Inuit Leaders Demand Action at Climate-Change Conference’ (18 November). Available at http://www.cbc.ca/canada/north/story/2009/11/16/inuit-climate-change.html, Accessed on January 1 2011.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cheung-Gertler, J., 2007. ‘A Model Power for a Troubled World?’ International Journal 62(3), 589–607.

    Google Scholar 

  • CNA Corporation, 2007. National Security and the Threat of Climate Change. Alexandria, VA: The CNA Corporation.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cocklin, C., 2002. ‘Water and “Cultural Security”’. In E. A. Page and M. Redclift, eds, Human Security and the Environment: International Comparisons. Northampton: Edward Elgar, 154–76.

    Google Scholar 

  • Commission on Human Security (CHS), 2003. Human Security Now. New York: United Nations Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Coulthard, G. S., 2007. ‘Subjects of Empire: Indigenous Peoples and the “Politics of Recognition” in Canada’. Contemporary Political Theory, 6(4), 437–60.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dacks, G., 1981. A Choice of Futures. Toronto: Methuen.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dalby, S., 2003. ‘Geopolitical Identities: Arctic Ecology and Global Consumption’. Geopolitics 8(1) (Spring), 181–202.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Department of Foreign Affairs and International Trade (DFAIT), 2002. Freedom from Fear: Canada’s Foreign Policy for Human Security. Ottawa: DFAIT.

    Google Scholar 

  • Department of Foreign Affairs and International Trade (DFAIT), 2006. Human Security — Cities: Freedom From Fear in Urban Spaces (Leaflet). Ottawa: DFAIT.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dodds, F. and T. Pippard, eds, 2005. Human and Environmental Security: An Agenda for Change. Sterling: Earthscan Publications.

    Google Scholar 

  • Downie, D. and T. Fenge, eds, 2003. Northern Lights Against POPs: Combatting Toxic Threats in the Arctic. Montreal: Queen’s-McGill University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), 2008. ‘Expanded Homicide Data’. Crime in the United States, 2008. Available at http://www2.fbi.gov/ucr/cius2008/offenses/expanded_information/homicide.html, Accessed on January 1 2011.

  • Government of Canada, 1996. Report of the Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples. Ottawa: Government of Canada.

    Google Scholar 

  • Grayson, K., 2008. Chasing the Dragon: Security, Identity, and Illicit Drugs in Canada. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Greaves, W., 2009. ‘The Essential Condition: A Stable Environment, Global Security, and Sustainable Peace’. In A. Livingstone, ed., Environmental Conditions for Building Peace: The Pearson Papers Volume 12. Clementsport: Canadian Peacekeeping Press, 91–114.

    Google Scholar 

  • Green, J., 2001. ‘Canaries in the Mines of Citizenship: Indian Women in Canada’. Canadian Journal of Political Science 34(4) (December), 715–38.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hampson, F. O., J. Daudelin, J. Hay, H. Reid and T. Martin, 2002. Madness in the Multitude: Human Security and World Disorder. Don Mills: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harring, S. L., 1998. White Man’s Law: Native People in Nineteenth-Century Canadian Jurisprudence. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hoogensen, G. and K. Stuvoy, 2006. ‘Gender, Resistance, and Human Security’. Security Dialogue, 37(2) (June), 207–28.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hoogensen, G. and S. V. Rottem, 2004. ‘Gender Identity and the Subject of Security’. Security Dialogue 35(2) (June), 155–71.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Huliaris, A. and N. Tzifakis, 2007. ‘Contextual Approaches to Human Security: Canada and Japan in the Balkans’. International Journal 62(3), 559–75.

    Google Scholar 

  • ICISS, 2001. The Responsibility to Protect: Report of the International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty. Ottawa: International Development Research Centre.

    Google Scholar 

  • IPCC, 2007. Climate Change 2007: Synthesis Report. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Fourth Assessment Report Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Johansen, B. E., 2003. Indigenous Peoples and Environmental Issues: An Encyclopaedia. Westport: Greenwood Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kirmayer, L. J., G. M. Brass, T. Holton, K. Paul, C. Simpson and C. Tait, 2007. Suicide Among Aboriginal People in Canada. Ottawa: Aboriginal Healing Foundation.

    Google Scholar 

  • Krause, K. and M. C. Williams, 1997. ‘From Strategy to Security: Foundations of Critical Security Studies’. In K. Krause and M. C. Williams, eds, Critical Security Studies: Concepts and Cases. London: UCL Press, 33–60.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lowry, M., 2002. ‘Creating Human Insecurity: The National Security Focus in Canada’s Immigration System’. Refuge 21(1) (November), 28–39.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mitura, V. and R. D. Bollman, 2003. ‘The Health of Rural Canadians: A Rural-Urban Comparison of Health Indicators’. Rural and Small Town Canada Analysis Bulletin 4(6) (October). Ottawa: Statistics Canada, 1–23.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nef, J., 1999. Human Security and Mutual Vulnerability: The Global Political Economy of Development and Underdevelopment, 2nd Edition. Ottawa: International Development Research Centre.

    Google Scholar 

  • Newman, E., 2001. ‘Human Security and Constructivism’. International Studies Perspectives 2(3), 239–51.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • O’Brien, K. and R. Leichenko, 2007. Human Security, Vulnerability, and Sustainable Adaptation. Human Development Report Office Occasional Paper. New York: UNDP.

    Google Scholar 

  • Peou, S., 2002. ‘The UN, Peacekeeping, and Collective Human Security: From an Agenda for Peace to the Brahimi Report’. International Peacekeeping 9(2), 51–68.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Price-Smith, A. T., 1999. ‘Ghosts of Kigali: Infectious Disease and Global Stability at the Turn of the Century’. International Journal 54(3) (Summer), 426–42.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Riddell-Dixon, E., 2005. ‘Canada’s Human Security Agenda’. International Journal 60(4), 1067–1092.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Roberts, D., 2008. Human Insecurity: Global Structures of Violence. London: Zed Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shani, G., M. Sato and M. K. Pasha, eds, 2007. Protecting Human Security in a Post 9/11 World: Critical and Global Insights. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Singh, V., 2004. ‘The Rural-Urban Income Gap within Provinces: An Update to 2000’. Rural and Small Town Canada Analysis Bulletin, 5(7) (December). Ottawa: Statistics Canada, 1–20.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sjoberg, L., ed., 2009. Gender and International Security: Feminist Perspectives. New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith, H., 2006. ‘Diminishing Human Security: The Canadian Case’. In S. J. MacLean, D. R. Black and T. M. Shaw, eds, A Decade of Human Security: Global Governance and the New Multilateralisms. Burlington: Ashgate, 73–82.

    Google Scholar 

  • Statistics Canada, 2005. Projections of the Aboriginal populations, Canada, Provinces and Territories 2001 to 2017. Ottawa: Statistics Canada.

    Google Scholar 

  • Statistics Canada, 2006. ‘Harvesting and Community Well-Being Among Inuit in the Canadian Arctic: Preliminary Findings From the 2001 Aboriginal People’s Survey’. Survey of Living Conditions in the Arctic. Ottawa: Statistics Canada. Available at http://www.statcan.ca/english/freepub/89–619-XIE/2006001/part2.htm, Accessed on January 1 2012.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thomas, C. and P. Wilkin, eds, 1999. Globalization, Human Security, and the African Experience. Boulder: Lynne Rienner.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thomas, N. and W. T. Tow, 2002. ‘The Utility of Human Security: Sovereignty and Humanitarian Intervention’. Security Dialogue 33(2) (June), 177–92.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Thompson, D., 2008. ‘Is Race Political?’ Canadian Journal of Political Science 41(3) (September), 525–47.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • United Nations (UN), 2005. Resolution Adopted by the General Assembly 60/1. 2005 World Summit. UN Document A/RES/60/1. New York: United Nations.

    Google Scholar 

  • United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), 1994. Human Development Report 1994: New Dimensions of Human Security. New York: United Nations.

    Google Scholar 

  • United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), 2009. Human Development Report 2007–2008. Fighting Climate Change: Human Solidarity in a Changing World. New York: United Nations.

    Google Scholar 

  • United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC), 2010. Homicide Statistics, Criminal Justice and Public Health Sources — Trends (2003–2008). Vienna: United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. Available at http://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/data-and-analysis/homicide.html, Accessed on January 1 2012.

    Google Scholar 

  • VanderZwaag, D., R. Huebert and S. Ferrara, 2002. ‘The Arctic Environmental Protection Strategy, Arctic Council and Multilateral Environmental Initiatives: Tinkering while the Arctic Marine Environment Totters’. Denver Journal of International Law and Policy 30(2), 131–71.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wæver, O., 1995. ‘Securitization and Desecuritization’. In R. D. Lipschutz, ed., On Security. New York: Columbia University Press, 46–86.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wæver, O., B. Buzan, M. Kelstrup and P. Lemaitre, 1993. Identity, Migration and the New Security Order in Europe. London: Pinter.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wisner, B. et al., 2007. ‘Climate Change and Human Security’. Radix — Climate Change and Human Security. Available at http://www.radixonline.org/cchs, Accessed on January 1 2012.

  • Young, I. M., 2003. ‘The Logic of Masculinist Protection: Reflections on the Current Security State’. Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society 29(1), 1–25.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors
  1. Wilfrid Greaves
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of International Development, Dalhousie University, Canada

    Matthew A. Schnurr (Assistant Professor) (Assistant Professor)

  2. School of Environment, Enterprise and Development (SEED), University of Waterloo, Canada

    Larry A. Swatuk (Associate Professor and Director, International Development Programme) (Associate Professor and Director, International Development Programme)

Copyright information

© 2012 Wilfrid Greaves

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Greaves, W. (2012). Insecurities of Non-Dominance: Re-Theorizing Human Security and Environmental Change in Developed States. In: Schnurr, M.A., Swatuk, L.A. (eds) Natural Resources and Social Conflict. International Political Economy Series. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137002464_4

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation