Abstract
Non-Arctic countries, previously largely sidelined in Arctic debates, more and more indicate their desire to be involved in deliberations about the region’s future as has become evident in the accession of China, India, Japan, Singapore, and South Korea as observers to the Arctic Council in 2013. However, not all nations approach the Arctic in comparable ways. This examination of the Arctic strategies and policies of non-Arctic countries demonstrates the complex interactions that are redefining the international role of the Arctic. The non-Arctic nations, with widely varying cultural connections to the region and evolving levels of scientific, commercial and political participation, are diverse in their approaches, Arctic capacities, and levels of engagement.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Arctic Council. (2011). Nuuk Declaration On the Occasion of the 7th Ministerial Meeting of the Arctic Council. Nuuk, Greenland, 12 May 2011.
Bell, J. (2013, May 16). Canada wants Permanent Fix for EU Seal Hunt Dispute: Aglukkaq. Nunatsiaq News. Available online: http://www.nunatsiaqonline.ca/stories/article/65674canada_wants_permanent_fix_for_eu_seal_hunt_dispute_aglukkaq/ (last accessed 17 December 2015).
Coates, K., & Hara, K. (2013). Park the Paranoia. Policy Options, May 2013.
Collins, J.F., et al. (2015). Arctic Council Initiatives to sustain Arctic Cooperation. Recommendations from the February 2015 Meeting at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. Washington, DC: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.
Cooke, A., & Holland, C. (1978). The Exploration of Northern Canada, 500 to 1920: A Chronology. Toronto: Arctic History Press.
Dalton, M., Menon, N., & Norman, L. (2013, October 18). EU, Canada Seal Free-Trade Deal: Both Sides see Ratification by 2015. Wall Street Journal. Available online: http://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052702304864504579143343192707208 (last accessed 17 December 2015).
English, J. (2013). Ice and Water: People, Politics and the Arctic Council. Toronto: Penguin.
Government of Greenland. (2015, January 08). New strong Force behind London Mining Greenland. Press Release. Available online: http://naalakkersuisut.gl/en/Naalakkersuisut/News/2015/01/080115-London-Mining (last accessed 17 December 2015).
Government of Japan. (2015). Japan’s Arctic Policy. The Headquarters for Ocean Policy, 16th October 2015. Unofficial English translation available online: http://library.arcticportal.org/1883/ (last accessed 17 December 2015).
Higgins, A. (2014, September 27). A Rare Arctic Land Sale stokes Worry in Norway. New York Times. Available online: http://www.nytimes.com/2014/09/28/world/europe/a-rare-arctic-land-sale-stirs-concerns-in-norway.html?_r=0 (last accessed 17 December 2015).
Kim, H.J. (2015). Success in Heading North? South Korea’s Master Plan for Arctic Policy. Marine Policy, 61, 264–272.
Koivurova, T., et al. (2012). The Present and Future Competence of the European Union in the Arctic. Polar Record, 48(4), 361–371.
Lasserre, F. (2010). China and the Arctic: Threat or Cooperation Potential for Canada? Canadian International Council China Papers, No. 11, June 2010.
Liang, L.H. (2012). South Korea pledges $3bn to Offshore and Arctic Shipping Research. Seatrade Maritime. Available online: http://www.seatrade-maritime.com/news/asia/south-korea-pledges-$3bn-to-offshore-and-arctic-shipping-research.html (last accessed 17 December 2015).
Lunde, L., Yang, J., & Stensdal, I. (Eds.). (2015). Asian Countries and the Arctic Future. Singapore: World Scientific Publishing.
Montgomery, M. (2015, October 01). Inuit launch new Offensive against Seal Ban. Eye on the Arctic. Available online: http://www.rcinet.ca/eye-on-the-arctic/2015/10/01/defence-of-inuit-seal-hunting-goes-to-eu-in-brussels/ (last accessed 17 December 2015).
Munson, J. (2012, December 31). China North: Canada’s Resources and China’s Arctic long Game. iPolitics. Available online: http://ipolitics.ca/2012/12/31/china-north-canadas-resources-and-chinas-arctic-long-game/ (last accessed 17 December 2015).
Okamatsu, A. (2015). Non-State Scientific Perspective: Japan. Presentation given at 2015 North Pacific Arctic Conference (NPAC): ‘The Arctic in the Wider World’, Honolulu, Hawaii, 6–7 August 2015.
Park, Y.K. (2014a). Arctic Prospects and Challenges from a Korean Perspective. In K. Hara & K. Coates (Eds.), East Asia-Arctic Relations: Boundary, Security and International Relations (pp. 47–60). Waterloo: Center for International Governance Innovation (CIGI).
Park, Y.K. (2014b). South Korea’s Interests in the Arctic. Asia Policy, 18, 59–65.
Skura, E. (2015, September 04). Inuit Tapiriit Kanatami ‘sad’ to lose EU Seal Ban Legal Challenge. Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. Available online: http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/north/inuit-tapiriit-kanatami-sad-to-lose-eu-seal-ban-legal-challenge-1.3215066 (last accessed 17 December 2015).
Sun, K. (2014). China and the Arctic: China’s Interests and Participation in the Region. In K. Hara & K. Coates (Eds.), East Asia-Arctic Relations: Boundary, Security and International Relations (pp. 33–46). Waterloo: Center for International Governance Innovation (CIGI).
Tamnes, R., & Holtsmark, S.G. (2014). The Geopolitics of the Arctic in Historical Perspective. In R. Tamnes & K. Offerdal (Eds.), Geopolitics and Security in the Arctic: Regional Dynamics in a Global World (pp. 12–48). London and New York: Routledge.
The Economist. (2015, January 31). Not so Cool: The Hype over the Arctic Recedes, along with the Summer Ice. The Economist. Available online: http://www.economist.com/news/international/21641240-hype-over-arctic-recedes-along-summer-ice-not-so-cool (last accessed 17 December 2015).
Tonami, A. (2013, April 26). Review: Arctic Governance and Japan’s Foreign Strategy. The Arctic Institute. Available online: http://www.thearcticinstitute.org/search?q=japan (last accessed 17 December 2015).
Tonami, A. (2014). Arctic Policies of Japan, Singapore and South Korea. Wilson Center: Polar Initiative Policy Brief Series, Arctic 2014: Who gets a Voice and Why it Matters, September 2014.
Tonami, A., & Watters, S. (2012). Japan’s Arctic Policy: The Sum of many Parts. In L. Heininen, H. Exner-Pirot & J. Plouffe (Eds.), Arctic Yearbook 2012 (pp. 93–103). Akureyri: Northern Research Forum.
Xinhuanet. (2014, January 05). China Exclusive: China to Build New Icebreaker. Xinhuanet. Available online: http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/china/2014-01/05/c_133019770.htm (last accessed 17 December 2015).
Young, O.R. (2012). Listening to the Voices of non-Arctic states in Arctic Ocean Governance. In O.R. Young, J.D. Kim & Y.H. Kim (Eds.), The Arctic in World Affairs: A North Pacific Dialogue on Arctic Marine Issues (pp. 275–303). Seoul: Korea Maritime Institute, and Honolulu: East-West Center.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Copyright information
© 2017 The Author(s)
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Coates, K., Holroyd, C. (2017). Non-Arctic States and Their Stake in Arctic Sustainability. In: Keil, K., Knecht, S. (eds) Governing Arctic Change. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-50884-3_11
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-50884-3_11
Published:
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, London
Print ISBN: 978-1-137-50883-6
Online ISBN: 978-1-137-50884-3
eBook Packages: Political Science and International StudiesPolitical Science and International Studies (R0)