Abstract
Entomopathogenic nematodes are widely used as biological insecticides for agricultural and horticultural pests. In the vast majority of cases, commercial products contain nematodes partially dehydrated on to inert solid carriers. Nematode survival in these products is generally poor, they are difficult to handle and are not suitable for use with all nematode species. We have developed a non-viscous, non-adhesive and non-toxic liquid formulation for nematode storage and transport based on neutral density colloidal silica suspensions. Survival and virulence of nematodes stored in this formulation without aeration was superior to nematodes stored in aerated quarter strength Ringer's solution.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Bedding RA (1988) Storage of entomopathogenic nematodes. Patent no. WO88/08668.
Boemare N (2002) Biology, taxonomy and systematics of Photorhabdusand Xenorhabdus. In: Gaugler R, ed. Entomopathogenic Nematology. Wallingford: CABI Publishing, pp. 35–56.
Gaugler R, ed. (2002) Entomopathogenic Nematology. Wallingford, CABI Publishing.
Glazer I, Salame L (2000) Osmotic survival of the entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema carpocapsae. Biol. Contr. 18: 251–257.
Grewal PS (2000) Enhanced ambient storage stability of an entomopathogenic nematode through anhydrobiosis. Pest Manag. Sci. 56: 401–406.
Grewal PS (2002) Formulation and application technology. In: Gaugler R, ed. Entomopathogenic Nematology. Wallingford: CABI Publishing, pp. 265–287.
Shapiro-Ilan DI, Gaugler R (2002) Production technology for entomopathogenic nematodes and their bacterial symbionts. J. Ind. Microbiol. Biotech. 28: 137–146.
Womersley CZ (1990) Dehydration survival and anhydrobiotic potential. In: Gaugler R, Kaya HK, eds. Entomopathogenic Nematodes in Biological Control. Florida: CRC Press, pp. 117–138.
Young JM, Dunnill P, Pearce JD (1998) Physical properties of liquid nematode cultures and the design of recovery operations. Bioprocess Eng. 19: 121–127.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Wilson, M., Ivanova, E. Neutral density liquid formulations for nematode-based biopesticides. Biotechnology Letters 26, 1167–1171 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1023/B:BILE.0000035492.25214.3b
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/B:BILE.0000035492.25214.3b