Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Floristic inventory of secondary vegetation in agricultural systems of East-Amazonia

  • Published:
Biodiversity & Conservation Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Small farmers in the Bragantina (East-Amazonia, Brazil) traditionally apply a rotation of 2 years cultivation and 4–10 years forest fallow. More recently introduced pepper plantations fell fallow after fungus hazards. We studied the floristic composition of this young secondary vegetation by means of 92 vegetation relevés in 58 plots of forest fallow and 34 plots of pepper fallow with sizes ranging from 40 to 300 m2. The age of the fallow vegetation ranged from 4 months to 10 years. We found 673 species belonging to 97 families. The list of plant species presented in the Appendix totals 827 species, including species collected in additional field surveys. The species are registered with scientific and local names as well as growth forms. The families with the largest numbers of species were Myrtaceae (34 species), Leguminosae (87), Sapindaceae (17), which contain mainly trees and shrubs, and Bignoniaceae (29), Connaraceae (12), Smilacaceae (22) with mainly vines, the forb dominated families Asteraceae (25), Euphorbiaceae (21), Rubiaceae (20), and Cyperaceae (16) and Poaceae (35). A comparison with local and regional inventories shows similarities to fallow vegetations and secondary forests, and floristic distance to primary forests.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Ackermann F.L. 1964. Geologia e fisiografia da região Bragantina (Estado do Pará). Cadernos da Amazônia. INPA, Manaus, Brazil.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baar R. 1997.Vegetationskundliche und-ökologische Untersuchungen der Buschbrache in der Feldumlagewirtschaft im östlichen Amazonasgebiet. Göttinger Beiträge zur Land-und Forstwirtschaft in den Tropen und Subtropen 121. Erich Goltze Verlag, Göttingen, Germany.

    Google Scholar 

  • Black G.A., Dobzhansky Th. and Pavan C. 1950. Some attempts to estimate species diversity and population density of trees in Amazonian forests. The Botanical Gazette 111: 413–425.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brummit R.K. 1992. Vascular Plant Families and Genera. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, UK.

    Google Scholar 

  • Buschbacher R., Uhl C. and Serrão E.A.S. 1988. Abandoned pastures in eastern Amazonia. II. Nutrient stocks in the soil and vegetation. Journal of Ecology 76: 682–699.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cain S.A., Castro G.M. de O., Pires J.M. and da Silva N.T. 1956. Application of some phyto-sociological techniques to Brazilian rain forests. Part I: Forest composition of Arapari Island, Para. American Journal of Botany 43: 911–941.

    Google Scholar 

  • Clausing G. 1994. Frühe Regeneration und Wiederbesiedelung auf Kulturflächen der Wald-Feld-Wechselwirtschaft im östlichen Amazonasgebiet. Göttinger Beiträge zur Land-und Forstwirtschaft in den Tropen und Subtropen 97. Erich Goltze Verlag, Göttingen, Germany.

    Google Scholar 

  • De Oliveira A.A. and Mori S.A. 1999. A central Amazonian terra firme forest. I. High tree species richness on poor soils. Biodiversity and Conservation 8: 1219–1244.

    Google Scholar 

  • de Rouw A. 1995. The fallow period as a weed-break in shifting cultivation (tropical wet forests). Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 54: 31–43.

    Google Scholar 

  • Denich M. 1989. Untersuchungen zur Bedeutung junger Sekundärvegetation für die Nutzungssystemproduktivität im östlichen Amazonasgebiet, Brasilien. Göttinger Beiträge zur Land-und Forstwirtschaft in den Tropen und Subtropen 46. Erich Goltze Verlag, Göttingen, Germany.

    Google Scholar 

  • Diekmann U. 1997. Biologische und chemische Bodencharakteristika zur Beurteilung der nachhaltigen Produktivität von Landnutzungssystemen in der Zona Bragantina, Ost-Amazonien, Ph.D. Thesis, Universität Gottingen, Germany, p. 189.

    Google Scholar 

  • Diniz T.D. de A. 1986. Caracterização climática da Amazônia Oriental. In: EMBRAPA/CPATU/GTZ, Pesquisas sobre utilização e conservação do solo na Amazônia. Belém, Brazil, pp. 3–13.

  • Egler E.G. 1961. A Zona bragantina no Estado do Pará. Revista Brasileira Geografia 23: 527–555.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fearnside P.M. 1996. Amazonian deforestation and global warming: carbon stocks in vegetation replacing Brazil's Amazon forest. Forest Ecology and Management 80: 21–34.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fearnside P.M. and Guiamarães W.M. 1996. Carbon uptake by secondary forests in Brazilian Amazonia. Forest Ecology and Management 80: 35–46.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gentry A.H. 1978. Diversidade e regeneração da capoeira do INPA, com referência especial às Bignoniaceae. Acta Amazonica 8: 67–70.

    Google Scholar 

  • Henkel K. 1992. Agrarstrukturwandel und Migration im östlichen Amazonien (Pará, Brasilien), Ph.D. Thesis, Universität Tübingen, Germany, p. 446.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hueck K. 1966. Die Wälder Südamerikas. Ökologie, Zusammensetzung und wirtschaftliche Bedeutung. G. Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart, Germany.

    Google Scholar 

  • Irwin H.S. and Barneby R.C. 1982. The American Cassiinae-A Synoptical Revision of Leguminosae tribe Cassieae subtribe Cassiinae in the NewWorld. Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden Vol. 35, parts 1 and 2, New York Botanical Garden, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kew Index 1993. Index Kewensis Version 1.0 (on CD). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, UK.

  • Klinge R. 1998. Wasser-und Nährstoffdynamik im Boden und Bestand beim Aufbau einer Holzplantage im östlichen Amazonasgebiet. Göttinger Beiträge zur Land-und Forstwirtschaft in den Tropen und Subtropen 122. Erich Goltze Verlag, Göttingen, Germany.

    Google Scholar 

  • Köppen W. 1936. Das geographische System der Klimate. In: Geiger R. (ed.), Handbuch der Klimatologie Vol. Bd.1. Borntrager, Berlin, Germany.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lisboa P.L.B. 1989. Estudo florístico da vegetação árborea de uma floresta secundária em Rondônia. Boletin Museo Emílio Goeldi, série Botânica (Belém, Brazil) 5: 145–162.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lopes J. do JC., Carvalho J.O.P., de Silva J.N.M. and Coutinho S. da C. 1989. Composição florística de uma floresta secundária três anos após o corte raso da floresta primária. Boletin de Pesquisa 100. EMBRAPA/CPATU, Belém, Brazil.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nunez J.B.J. 1995. Fitomassa e estoque de bioelementos das diversas fases da vegetação secundária, provenientes de diferentes sistemas de uso da terra no Nordeste Paraense, Brasil, Mag., Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pires J.M., Dobzhansky T. and Black G.A. 1953. An estimate of the number of species of trees in an amazonian forest. The Botanical Gazette 114: 467–477.

    Google Scholar 

  • Prance G.T. 1978. The origin and evolution of the Amazon flora. Interciencia 3: 207–222.

    Google Scholar 

  • Prance G.T., RodriguesW.A. and da Silva M.F. 1976. Inventário florestal de um hectare de mata de terra firme km 30 da Estrada Manaus-Itacoatiara. Acta Amazonica 6: 9–35.

    Google Scholar 

  • Preisinger H., Coelho L.F., Siqueira M. do S. and Lieberei R. 1994. Analysis of growth form types and floristic composition of the spontaneous vegetation in an agricultural test area near Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. Angewandte Botanik (Germany) 68: 40–46.

    Google Scholar 

  • Renner S.S., Balslev H. and Holm-Nielsen L.B. 1990. Flowering Plants of Amazonian Ecuador-A Checklist. Botanical Institute, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.

    Google Scholar 

  • Saldarriaga J.G., West D.C., Tharp M.L. and Uhl C. 1988. Long-term chronosequence of forest succession in the upper Rio Negro of Colombia and Venezuela. Journal of Ecology 76: 938–958.

    Google Scholar 

  • Silva B.N.R. and Carvalho J. dos S. 1986. Os solos da Amazonia Oriental. Belém, Brazil.

  • USDA 1975. Soil Taxonomy. A Basic System of Soil Classification for Making and Interpreting Soil Surveys. US Department of Agriculture, Handbook No. 446. US Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

    Google Scholar 

  • Subler S. and Uhl C. 1990. Japanese agroforestry in Amazonia: a case study in Tomé-Açu, Brazil. In: Anderson B.A. (ed.), Alternatives to Deforestation: Steps Toward Sustainable Use of the Amazon Rain Forest. Columbia University Press, New York, pp. 152–166.

    Google Scholar 

  • Uhl C. 1987. Factors controlling succession following slash-and-burn agriculture in Amazonia. Journal of Ecology 75: 377–407.

    Google Scholar 

  • Uhl C., Buschbacher R. and Serrão E.A.S. 1988. Abandoned pastures in eastern Amazonia. I. Patterns of plant succession. Journal of Ecology 76: 663–681.

    Google Scholar 

  • Uhl C., Clark H., Clark K. and Maquirino P. 1982. Successional patterns associated with slash-and-burn agriculture in the upper Río Negro region of the amazon basin. Biotropica 14: 249–254.

    Google Scholar 

  • Uhl C., Clark K., Clark H. and Murphy P. 1981. Early plant successsion after cutting and burning in the upper Rio Negro region of the Amazon Basin. Journal of Ecology 69: 631–649.

    Google Scholar 

  • Van Roosmalen M.G.M. 1985. Fruits of the Guianan Flora. Institute of Systematic Botany, Utrecht University and Silvicultural Department of Wageningen Agricultural University, The Netherlands.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vieira I.C.G. 1996. Forest succession after shifting cultivation in eastern Amazonia, Ph.D. Thesis, University of Stirling, UK.

    Google Scholar 

  • Watrin O. dos S. 1994. Estudo da dinâmica na paisagem da Amazonia Oriental atraves de tecnicas de geoprocessamento, M.Sc. Thesis, INPE, São Jose dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil.

    Google Scholar 

  • Withelm D. 1993. Die Nutzung der Sekundärvegetation in der Region Igarapé-Açu (Bundesstaat Pará, Brasilien) durch die lokale Bevölkerung, Mag., Fachbereich Biologie, Universität Hamburg, Germany, p. 135.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Soil Science and Forest Nutrition, Buesgenweg 2, Goettingen, D-37077, Germany

    Renate Baar & Horst Fölster

  2. CPATU (Centro de Pesquisa Agropecuária no Trópico Úmido), EMBRAPA (Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária), Trav. Dr Enéas Pinheiro S/N-Marco, Belém, CEP-66095-100, Brazil

    Manoel Dos Reis Cordeiro

  3. Department of Ecology and Natural Resource Management, Centre for Development Research, Walter-Flex-Str. 3, Bonn, D-53113, Germany

    Manfred Denich

Authors
  1. Renate Baar
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Manoel Dos Reis Cordeiro
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Manfred Denich
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Horst Fölster
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Renate Baar.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Baar, R., Dos Reis Cordeiro, M., Denich, M. et al. Floristic inventory of secondary vegetation in agricultural systems of East-Amazonia. Biodiversity and Conservation 13, 501–528 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1023/B:BIOC.0000009494.16263.fb

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/B:BIOC.0000009494.16263.fb

Search

Navigation