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The CAMCORE international provenance/progeny trials of Gmelina arborea: genetic parameters and potential gain

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Abstract

This paper reports early results from the provenance/progeny trials in Colombia, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Indonesia, Mexico and Venezuela. These were the first international collections of gmelina that were by mother tree and also the first ever to be made in Myanmar. Collections were made from 440 mother trees in 22 provenances (20 trees per provenance), while for eight provenances, bulk seed collections were made, typically from 20 trees. In this study, results from 31 tests planted in six countries are reported. At all ages, single-site heritability estimates for height, DBH, and volume were moderately low, around h 2b =0.10. The proportion of provenance variation ranged from p 2b =0.05-0.13, and averaged around 0.10. These levels are somewhat higher than has been observed for other forest tree species. Strong age-age additive genetic correlations were found for all growth traits and all age combinations. There was relatively little G × E at the provenance level (rBg = 0.73), and relatively substantial G × E at the family (i.e., additive genetic) level (rBg = 0.40). Three provenances from Thailand all were below average for 2-year/3-year volume (mean BLUP = −16.3%). These three sources were among the lowest latitude sources (below 15 °N) in the study. Indian provenances ranged widely in growth performance. Of the 10 provenances from Myanmar, only two were below average. There is sufficient genetic variability to make good gains in breeding. Gain in 2-year/3-year volume from provenance selection should be on the order of +10%, and expected gain from selection of the best genotypes within provenance (e.g., the top 5%) should be on the order of +25%.

Palabra Clave: Ganancia genética, Heredabilidad, Variación de procedencia

Resumen. Este artículo presenta los primeros resultados de los ensayos de procedencia/progenie en Colombia, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Indonesia, México y Venezuela. Estas fueron las primeras colectas internacionales de gmelina separada por árboles madre y también las primeras en Myanmar. En 22 procedencias, se colectaron 440 árboles madre (20 árboles por procedencia), mientras que en 8 procedencias se hicieron colectas a granel, típicamente de 20 árboles. En este estudio se presentan los resultados de los 31 ensayos plantados en seis países. En todas las edades, los estimados de heredabilidad de un solo sitio, para la altura, el DAP y el volumen, fueron moderadamente bajos, alrededor de h 2b =0.10. Estos niveles son un poco más altos que los que se han observado para otras especies de árboles forestales. Se encontraron correlaciones genéticas aditivas fuertes de edad-edad para todas las características de crecimiento y todas las combinaciones de edades. Se encontró relativamente poca interacción G × A (Genotipo × Ambiente) al nivel de procedencia (rBg = 0.73), y una G × A relativamente sustancial al nivel de familia (i.e., genética aditiva) (rBg = 0.40). Las tres procedencias de Tailandia, estuvieron por debajo del promedio para los 2-años/3-años en cuanto al volumen, (promedio BLUP = −16.3%). Estas tres fuentes provienen de las latitudes más bajas (por debajo de 15 °N). Las procedencias de la India tuvieron un crecimiento muy variado. De las 10 procedencias de Myanmar, solo dos clasificaron por debajo del promedio. Existe suficiente variabilidad genética para obtener buenas ganancias con el mejoramiento genético. Las ganancias en volumen al seleccionar por procedencia a los 2-años/3-años debe estar en el orden del +10%, y la ganancia esperada de los mejores genotipos dentro de una procedencia (por ejemplo, el mejor 5%) deben estar en el orden de +25%.

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Hodge, G., Dvorak, W. The CAMCORE international provenance/progeny trials of Gmelina arborea: genetic parameters and potential gain. New Forests 28, 147–166 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1023/B:NEFO.0000040942.34566.a7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/B:NEFO.0000040942.34566.a7

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