Abstract
Strains of Streptomyces were tested for their ability to reduce population densities of the root-lesion nematode (RLN), Pratylenchus penetrans, in roots of alfalfa (Medicago sativa) in growth chamber assays. Previously, these strains were shown to suppress potato scab disease, caused by Streptomyces scabies, in field experiments and to inhibit in vitrogrowth of a wide range of plant-pathogenic fungi and bacteria. Inoculation with Streptomyces at planting significantly reduced RLN population densities in roots of both susceptible and resistant alfalfa varieties grown in either heat-treated or untreated soil. Reductions in RLN population densities were observed 6 weeks after nematode inoculation. Shoot dry matter was not affected by any treatment; root dry weight was reduced in Streptomycesplus nematode treatments compared to the nematode inoculation alone in some experiments but was not affected by Streptomyces when RLN was absent. Mutant strains not producing antibiotics in vitro also reduced RLN population densities in alfalfa roots and all strains maintained high population densities after inoculation into heat-treated soil and on alfalfa roots. These strains may be useful in multi-crop, multi-pathogen management programs to augment genetic resistance to plant diseases.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Baldridge G D, O'Neill N R and Samac D A 1998 Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) resistance to the root-lesion nematode, Pratylenchus penetrans: Defense-response gene mRNA and isoflavonoid phytoalexin levels in roots. Plant Mol. Biol. 38, 999–1010.
Blackburn K, Alm S R and Yeh T S 1996 Avermectin B1, isazofos, and fenamiphos for control of Hoplolaimus galeatus and Tylenchorynchus dubius infesting Poa annua. J. Nematol. 28, 687–694.
Bowers J H, Kinkel L L and Jones R K 1996 Influence of diseasesuppressive strains of Streptomyces on the native Streptomyces community in soil as determined by the analysis of cellular fatty acids. Can. J. Microbiol. 42, 27–37.
Byrd D W Jr, Kirkpatrick T and Barker R K 1983 An improved technique for clearing and staining plant tissues for detection of nematodes. J. Nematol 15, 142–143.
Crawford D L, Lynch J M, Whipps J M and Ousley M A 1993 Isolation and characterization of actinomycete antagonists of a fungal root pathogen. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 59, 3899–3905.
De Meyer G and Höfte M 1997 Salicylic acid produced by the rhizobacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa 7NSK2 induces resistance to leaf infection by Botrytis cinerea on bean. Phytopathology 87, 588–593.
Dicklow MB, Acosta N and Zuckerman B M 1993 A novel Streptomyces species for controlling plant-parasitic nematodes. J. Chem. Ecol. 19, 159–173.
El-Shanshoury A R 1994 Azotobacter chroococcum and Streptomyces atroolivaceus as biocontrol agents of Xanthomonas campestris pv.malvacearum. Acta Microbiol. Pol. 43, 79–87.
El-Shanshoury A R, Abu El-Sououd S M, Awadalla O A and El-Bandy N B 1995 Effects of Streptomyces corchorusii, Streptomyces mutabilis, pendimethalin, and metribuzin on the control of bacterial and Fusarium wilt of tomato. Can. J. Bot. 74, 1016–1022.
El-Tarabily K A, Sykes M L, Kurtböke I D, Hardy G E St J, Barbosa A M and Dekker R F H 1995 Synergistic effects of a cellulase-producing Micromonospora carbonacea and an antibiotic-producing Streptomyces violascens on the suppression of Phytophthora cinnamomi root rot of Banksia grandis. Can. J. Bot. 74, 618–624.
Hiltunen L H, Linfield C A and White J G 1995 The potential for the biological control of basal rot of Narcissus by Streptomyces sp. Crop Protection 14, 539–542.
Jansson R K and Rabatin S 1998 Potential for foliar, dip, and injection applications of avermectins for control of plant-parasitic nematodes. J. Nematol. 30, 65–75.
Jones C R and Samac D A 1996 Biological control of fungi causing alfalfa seedling damping-off with a disease-suppressive strain of Streptomyces. Biol. Cont. 7, 196–204.
Kortemaa H, Rita H, Haahtela K and Smolander A 1994 Rootcolonization ability of antagonistic Streptomyces griseovirdis. Plant Soil 163, 77–83.
Leeman M, Vanpelt J A, Denouden F M, Heinsbroek M, Bakker P A H M and Shippers B 1995 Induction of systemic resistance against Fusarium wilt of radish by lipopolysaccharides of Pseudomonas fluorescens. Phytopathology 85, 1021–1027.
Liu, D 1992 Biological control of Streptomyces scabies and other plant pathogens. Ph. D. Thesis, University of Minnesota, St Paul. 138 p.
Liu D, Anderson N A and Kinkel L L 1995 Biological control of potato scab in the field with antagonistic Streptomyces scabies. Phytopathology 85, 827–831.
Liu D, Kinkel L L, Eckwall E C, Anderson N A and Schottel J L 1997 Biological control of plant disease using antagonistic Streptomyces. In Ecological Interactions and Biological Control. Eds D A Andow, D W Ragsdale and R F Nyvall. pp 224–239. Westview Press, Boulder.
Lorang J M, Liu D, Anderson N A and Schottel J L 1995 Identification of potato scab inducing and suppressive species of Streptomyces. Phytopathology 85, 261–268.
Loria R and Davis J R 1988 Streptomyces scabies. In Laboratory Guide for Identification of Plant Pathogenic Bacteria, Second Edition. Ed. N W Schaad. pp 114–119. APS Press, St. Paul.
Nemec S, Datnoff L E and Strandberg J 1996 Efficacy of biocontrol agents in planting mixes to colonize plant roots and control root diseases of vegetables and citrus. Crop Protection 15, 735–742.
Papavizas G C 1963 Microbial antagonism in bean rhizosphere as affected by oat straw and supplemental nitrogen. Phytopathology 53, 1430–1435.
Papavizas G C and Davey C B 1960 Rhizoctonia disease of bean as affected by decomposing green plant materials and associated microflora. Phytopathology 50, 516–521.
Petersen A D, Barnes D K and Thies J A 1991 Preference of rootlesion nematode for alfalfa and forage grasses growing in binary mixtures. Crop Sci. 31, 567–570.
Pierson L S, Keppenne V D and Wood D W 1994 Phenazine antibiotic biosynthesis in Pseudomonas aureofaciens 30-84 is regulated by PhzR in response to cell density. J. Bacteriol. 176, 3966–3974.
Rothrock C S and Gottlieb D 1984 Role of antibiosis in antagonism of Streptomyces hygroscopicus var geldanus to Rhizoctonia solani in soil. Can. J. Microbiol. 30, 1440–1447.
Ryan A D and Kinkel L L 1997 Inoculum density and population dynamics of suppressive and pathogenic Streptomyces strains and their relationships to biological control of potato scab. Biol. Cont. 10, 180–186.
SAS Institute 1988 SAS/STAT Users Guide, Release 6.03 Edition. SAS Institute Inc, Cary, NC.
Schottel J L, Shimizu K and Kinkel L L 2001 Relationships of in vitro pathogen inhibition and soil colonization to potato scab biocontrol by antagonistic Streptomyces spp. Biol. Cont. 20: 102–112.
Siddiqui Z A and Mahmood I 1999 Role of bacteria in the management of plant parasitic nematodes: A review. Bioresource Tech. 69, 167–179.
Stretton A O W, Campbell W C and Babu J R 1987 Biological activity and mode of action of avermectins. In Vistas on Nematology: A Commemoration of the Twenty-fifth Anniversary of the Society of Nematologists. Eds J A Veech and D. W. Dickson. pp 136–146. Society of Nematologists, Hyattsville.
Tahvonen R and Avikainen H 1987 The biological control of seed-borne Alternaria bassicicola of cruciferous plants with a powdery preparation of Streptomyces sp. J. Agric. Sci. Fin. 59, 199–208.
Thies J A 1991 NCR-138 Committee (Alfalfa Diseases) Report. Twenty-second Central Alfalfa Improvement Conference, p. 28. Proceedings of the Ames, Iowa Conference, June 1991. CAIC, Columbus, Ohio.
Thies J A, Barnes D K, Rabas D L, Sheaffer C C and Wilcoxson R D 1992 Seeding date, carbofuran, and resistance to root-lesion nematode affect alfalfa stand establishment. Crop Sci. 32, 786–792.
Thies J A, Petersen A D and Barnes D K 1995 Host suitability of forage grasses and legumes for root-lesion nematode Pratylenchus penetrans. Crop Sci. 35, 1647–1651.
Trejo-Estrada S R, Sepulveda I R, and Crawford D L 1998 In vitro and in vivo antagonism of Streptomyces violaceusniger YCED9 against fungal pathogens of turfgrass. World J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 14, 865–872.
van Loon L C, Bakker P A H M and Pieterse C M J 1998 Systemic resistance induced by rhizosphere bacteria. Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. 36, 453–483.
Walker J T, Specht C H and Bekker J F 1966 Nematocidal activity to Pratylenchus penetrans by culture fluids from actinomycetes and bacteria. Can J. Microbiol. 12, 347–351.
Xiao K 2000 Biological control of Phytophthora root rots on alfalfa and soybean with Streptomyces. M. S. Thesis, University of Minnesota, 59 pp.
Yuan W M and Crawford D L 1995 Characterization of Streptomyces lydicus WYEC108 as a potential biocontrol agent against fungal root and seed rots. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 6, 3119–3128.
Zuckerman B M, Dicklow M B, Coles G C, Garcia R and Marban-Mendoza N 1989 Suppression of plant parasitic nematodes in the Chinampa agricultural soils. J. Chem. Ecol. 15, 1947–1955.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Samac, D.A., Kinkel, L.L. Suppression of the root-lesion nematode (Pratylenchus penetrans) in alfalfa (Medicago sativa) by Streptomyces spp.. Plant and Soil 235, 35–44 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1011820002779
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1011820002779