Abstract
This review aims to discuss all likely pathways of the environmental fate of fluopyram to enable a better understanding of the probable ecological risks associated with its agricultural usage. The fluopyram is a broad-spectrum molecule to control various fungal plant pathogens as well as nematodes. It belongs to a new chemical class named ‘pyridinyl ethylbenzamides’. The literature review has shown that the sorption–desorption, degradation and leaching of fluopyram differed among the soil types, and much is still to be studied concerning the fate of fluopyram in different types of the soil environment. Indeed, research suggests that the high persistent behaviour of fluopyram particularly in soil and water/sediment environment can present environmental risks. Hence, with a foreseen widespread and substantial use of fluopyram, it would be indeed crucial to assess the possible environmental risks due to injudicious usage of fluopyram.
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Abbreviations
- ai:
-
Active ingredient
- APVMA:
-
Australian Pesticides and Veterinary Medicines Authority Declaration
- ATP:
-
Adenosine triphosphate
- BZM:
-
Benzamide
- CIB&RC:
-
Central Insecticide Board and Registration Committee, India
- DAR:
-
Draft Assessment Report, European Union
- DFOP:
-
Double first-order in parallel
- DT50 :
-
Half-life, Time required for 50% degradation of the initial amount
- DT75 :
-
Time required for 75% degradation of the initial amount
- DT90 :
-
Time required for 90% degradation of the initial amount
- ECHA:
-
European Chemicals Agency
- EFSA:
-
European Food Safety Authority
- EPA:
-
Environmental Protection Agency, USA
- FAO:
-
Food and Agriculture Organization
- IUPAC:
-
International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry
- JMPR:
-
The Joint FAO/WHO Meeting on Pesticide Residues
- K d :
-
Coefficient of distribution
- K OC :
-
Organic carbon normalized coefficient of distribution
- LD:
-
Lethal dose
- LOQ:
-
Limit of quantification
- MRL:
-
Maximum residue limit
- NYSDEC:
-
New York State Department of Environmental Conservation
- NZ-EPA:
-
New Zealand Environmental Protection Authority
- PAA:
-
Pyridylacetic acid (a metabolite of fluopyram)
- PCA:
-
Pyridyl carboxylic acid (a metabolite of fluopyram)
- PHI:
-
Pre-harvest interval
- PMRA:
-
Pest Management Regulatory Agency, Canada
- SC:
-
Suspension concentrate
- SDH:
-
Succinate dehydrogenase
- SDHI:
-
Succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor
- SFO:
-
Single first-order
- TRR:
-
Total radioactive residues
- VKM:
-
The Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food & Environment
- WHO:
-
World Health Organization
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Rathod, P.H., Shah, P.G., Parmar, K.D. et al. The Fate of Fluopyram in the Soil–Water–Plant Ecosystem: A Review. Reviews Env.Contamination (formerly:Residue Reviews) 260, 1 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s44169-021-00001-7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s44169-021-00001-7