Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Evaluation of the corrosion resistance of spark plasma sintered stainless steel 316L matrix composites with zirconium diboride in sulfuric acid

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The influence of the zirconium diboride content and the method of initial material preparation on the corrosion properties of the composite on the 316L stainless steel matrix were determined. The powders were prepared in a Turbula mixer and a planetary mill. The corrosion properties were estimated on the basis of electrochemical tests, including open-circuit potential measurement, potentiodynamic polarization, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The presence of the ceramic phase changes the corrosion resistance of the tested materials due to porosity, which affects the corrosion mechanism. The standard potentiodynamic tests do not reveal poor corrosion resistance of porous materials, and only 24 h tests reveal accurate corrosion resistance of composite materials. Composites cannot go into a stable passive state because of the penetration of electrolytes into the pores and tend to oxidize systematically. 24-h corrosion tests indicate that samples prepared in a planetary mill show better corrosion resistance than those prepared in a Turbula mixer.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5

Similar content being viewed by others

Data availability statement

The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request. Data sharing is not applicable to this article, as no datasets were generated or analyzed during the current study.

References

  1. Grasso S, Sakka Y, Maizza G. Electric current activated/assisted sintering (ECAS): a review of patents 1906–2008. Sci Technol Adv Mater. 2009;10:53001. https://doi.org/10.1088/1468-6996/10/5/053001.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Tokita M. Trends in advanced SPS spark plasma sintering systems and technology. J Soc Powder Technol Jpn. 1993;30:790–804. https://doi.org/10.4164/sptj.30.11_790.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Guillon O, Gonzalez-Julian J, Dargatz B, Kessel T, Schierning G, Räthel J, Herrmann M. Field-assisted sintering technology/spark plasma sintering: mechanisms, materials, and technology developments. Adv Eng Mater. 2014;16:830–49. https://doi.org/10.1002/adem.201300409.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Munir ZA, Anselmi-Tamburini U, Ohyanagi M. The effect of electric field and pressure on the synthesis and consolidation of materials: a review of the spark plasma sintering method. J Mater Sci. 2006;41:763–77. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-006-6555-2.

    Article  CAS  ADS  Google Scholar 

  5. Omori M. Sintering, consolidation, reaction and crystal growth by the spark plasma system (SPS). Mater Sci Eng A. 2000;287:183–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0921-5093(00)00773-5.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Guo SQ. Densification of ZrB2-based composites and their mechanical and physical properties: a review. J Eur Ceram Soc. 2009;29:995–1011. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2008.11.008.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Fahrenholtz WG, Hilmas GE, Talmy IG, Zaykoski JA. Refractory diborides of zirconium and hafnium. J Am Ceram Soc. 2007;90:1347–64. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1551-2916.2007.01583.x.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Bansal NP. Handbook of ceramic composites. Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers; 2005.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  9. Morz C. Zirconium diboride. Am Ceram Soc Bull. 1995;74:164–5.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Asadipanah Z, Rajabi M. Production of Al–ZrB2 nano-composites by microwave sintering process. J Mater Sci Mater Electron. 2015;26:6148–56. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-015-3195-9.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Nallusamy M, Sundaram S, Kalaiselvan K. Fabrication, characterization and analysis of improvements in mechanical properties of AA7075/ZrB2 in-situ composites. Measurement. 2019;136:356–66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2018.12.110.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  12. Wang C, Lin H, Zhang Z, Li W. Fabrication, interfacial characteristics and strengthening mechanisms of ZrB2 microparticles reinforced Cu composites prepared by hot-pressed sintering. J Alloys Compd. 2018;748:546–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2018.03.169.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Ghasali E, Pakseresht A, Safari-kooshali F, Agheli M, Ebadzadeh T. Investigation on microstructure and mechanical behavior of Al-ZrB2 composite prepared by microwave and spark plasma sintering. Mater Sci Eng A. 2015;627:27–30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2014.12.096.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Kaku SMY, Khanra AK, Davidson MJ. Effect of deformation on properties of Al/Al-alloy ZrB2 powder metallurgy composite. J Alloys Compd. 2018;747:666–75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2018.03.088.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Sulima I, Hyjek P, Jaworska L, Perek-Nowak M. Influence of ZrB2 on microstructure and properties of steel matrix composites prepared by spark plasma sintering. Materials. 2020. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13112459.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  16. Dinaharan I, Murugan N, Parameswaran S. Influence of in situ formed ZrB2 particles on microstructure and mechanical properties of AA6061 metal matrix composites. Mater Sci Eng A. 2011;528:5733–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2011.04.033.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Sulima I, Putyra P, Hyjek P, Tokarski T. Effect of SPS parameters on densification and properties of steel matrix composites. Adv Powder Technol. 2015. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apt.2015.05.010.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Akhtar F, Feng P, Du X, Jawid AS, Tian J, Guo S. Microstructure and property evolution during the sintering of stainless steel alloy with Si3N4. Mater Sci Eng A. 2008;472:324–31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2007.04.032.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Tjong SC, Lau KC. Abrasion resistance of stainless-steel composites reinforced with hard TiB2 particles. Compos Sci Technol. 2000. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0266-3538(00)00008-7.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Sedriks AJ. Corrosion of stainless steels. New York: Wiley; 1996.

    Google Scholar 

  21. Menapace C, Molinari A, Kazior J, Pieczonka T. Surface self-densification in boron alloyed austenitic stainless steel and its effect on corrosion and impact resistance. Powder Metall. 2013;50:326–35. https://doi.org/10.1179/174329007X205028.

    Article  CAS  ADS  Google Scholar 

  22. Deflorian F, Ciaghi L, Kazior J. Electrochemical characterization of vacuum sintered copper alloyed austenitic stainless steel. Mater Corros. 1992;43:447–52. https://doi.org/10.1002/MACO.19920430907.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Itzhak D, Harush S. The effect of Sn addition on the corrosion behaviour of sintered stainless steel in H2SO4. Corros Sci. 1985;25:883–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/0010-938X(85)90018-6.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Angelini E, Bianco P, Rosalbino F, Rosso M, Scavino G. Sintered austenitic stainless steels: corrosion behaviour in sulphate and chloride media. Mater Corros. 1994;45:392–401. https://doi.org/10.1002/MACO.19940450705.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. German RM. Sintering theory and practice. New York: Wiley; 1996.

    Google Scholar 

  26. Kang S-JL. Sintering: densification, grain growth, and microstructure. Amsterdam: Elsevier; 2008.

    Google Scholar 

  27. Raja Annamalai A, Upadhyaya A, Agrawal DK. Effect of heating mode and Y2O3 addition on electrochemical response on austenitic and ferritic stainless steels. Corros Eng Sci Technol. 2015;50:91–102. https://doi.org/10.1179/1743278214Y.0000000176.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Padmavathi C, Upadhyaya A, Agrawal D. Corrosion behavior of microwave-sintered austenitic stainless steel composites. Scr Mater. 2007. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scriptamat.2007.06.007.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Patel M. Corrosion behaviour of sintered 316l austenitic stainless steel composites, (n.d.). https://www.academia.edu/19239819/CORROSION_BEHAVIOUR_OF_SINTERED_316L_AUSTENITIC_STAINLESS_STEEL_COMPOSITES. Accessed 1 July 2021.

  30. Jaworska L, Skrzekut T, Stępień M, Pałka P, Boczkal G, Zwoliński A, Noga P, Podsiadło M, Wnuk R, Ostachowski P. The pressure compaction of Zr–Nb powder mixtures and selected properties of sintered and KOBO-extruded Zr–xNb materials. Materials (Basel). 2021. https://doi.org/10.3390/MA14123172.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  31. Geenen K, Röttger A, Theisen W. Corrosion behavior of 316L austenitic steel processed by selective laser melting, hot-isostatic pressing, and casting. Mater Corros. 2017;68:764–75. https://doi.org/10.1002/maco.201609210.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Itzhak D, Aghion E. Corrosion behaviour of hot-pressed austenitic stainless steel in H2SO4 solutions at room temperature. Corros Sci. 1983. https://doi.org/10.1016/0010-938X(83)90090-2.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Fredriksson W, Petrini D, Edström K, Björefors F, Nyholm L. Corrosion resistances and passivation of powder metallurgical and conventionally cast 316L and 2205 stainless steels. Corros Sci. 2013;67:268–80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.corsci.2012.10.021.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Maocheng YAN, Jin XU, Libao YU, Tangqing WU, Cheng SUN, Wei KE. EIS analysis on stress corrosion initiation of pipeline steel under disbonded coating in near-neutral pH simulated soil electrolyte. Corros Sci. 2016;110:23–34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.corsci.2016.04.006.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Orazem ME, Tribollet B. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. 2nd ed. Hoboken: Wiley; 2017.

  36. Rocha AMF, Bastos AC, Cardoso JP, Rodrigues F, Fernandes CM, Soares E, Sacramento J, Senos AMR, Ferreira MGS. Corrosion behaviour of WC hardmetals with nickel-based binders. Corros Sci. 2019;147:384–93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.corsci.2018.11.015.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Kandala SR, Balani K, Upadhyaya A. Mechanical and electrochemical characterization of supersolidus sintered austenitic stainless steel (316 L). High Temp Mater Process (Lond). 2019;38:792–805. https://doi.org/10.1515/HTMP-2019-0032/MACHINEREADABLECITATION/RIS.

    Article  CAS  ADS  Google Scholar 

  38. Sulima I, Hyjek P, Podsiadło M. Fabrication of the zirconium diboride-reinforced composites by a combination of planetary ball milling, turbula mixing and spark plasma sintering. Materials. 2021. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14144056.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the Pedagogical University in Krakow, Poland, within the research project WPBU/2020/05/00128.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Non-Ferrous Metals, AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 30 Av., 30-059, Krakow, Poland

    Michał Stępień & Remigiusz Kowalik

  2. Institute of Technology, Pedagogical University of Krakow, Podchorazych 2 Str, 30-084, Krakow, Poland

    Iwona Sulima & Paweł Hyjek

Authors
  1. Michał Stępień
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Iwona Sulima
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Paweł Hyjek
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Remigiusz Kowalik
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Remigiusz Kowalik.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare no financial or commercial conflict of interest.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Supplementary Information

Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.

Supplementary file1 (DOCX 1127 KB)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Stępień, M., Sulima, I., Hyjek, P. et al. Evaluation of the corrosion resistance of spark plasma sintered stainless steel 316L matrix composites with zirconium diboride in sulfuric acid. Archiv.Civ.Mech.Eng 22, 127 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s43452-022-00453-1

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s43452-022-00453-1

Keywords

Search

Navigation