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The Implications of Insufficient Zinc on the Generation of Oxidative Stress Leading to Decreased Oocyte Quality

  • Infertility: Review
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Abstract

Zinc is a transition metal that displays wide physiological implications ranging from participation in hundreds of enzymes and proteins to normal growth and development. In the reproductive tract of both sexes, zinc maintains a functional role in spermatogenesis, ovulation, fertilization, normal pregnancy, fetal development, and parturition. In this work, we review evidence to date regarding the importance of zinc in oocyte maturation and development, with emphasis on the role of key zinc-binding proteins, as well as examine the effects of zinc and reactive oxygen species (ROS) on oocyte quality and female fertility. We summarize our current knowledge about the participation of zinc in the developing oocyte bound to zinc finger proteins as well as loosely bound zinc ion in the intracellular and extracellular environments. These include aspects related to (1) the impact of zinc deficiency and overwhelming production of ROS under inflammatory conditions on the offset of the physiological antioxidant machinery disturbing biomolecules, proteins, and cellular processes, and their role in contributing to further oxidative stress; (2) the role of ROS in modulating damage to proteins containing zinc, such as zinc finger proteins and nitric oxide synthases (NOS), and expelling the zinc resulting in loss of protein function; and (3) clarify the different role of oxidative stress and zinc deficiency in the pathophysiology of infertility diseases with special emphasis on endometriosis-associated infertility.

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Abbreviations

LH:

Luteinizing hormone

ZFP:

Zinc finger protein

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

NO:

Nitric oxide

iNOS:

Inducible nitric oxide synthase

HOCl:

Hypochlorous acid

O2 •− :

Superoxide

H2O2 :

Hydrogen peroxide

•OH:

Hydroxyl radical

ONOO− :

Peroxynitrite

Cl− :

Chloride

H4B:

Tetrahydrobiopterin

CAT:

Catalase

RNS:

Reactive nitrogen species

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 275 E. Hancock, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA

    Olivia G. Camp, Joshua N. Bembenek, Awoniyi O. Awonuga & Husam M. Abu-Soud

  2. Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility & California IVF Fertility Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, 95833, USA

    Pravin T. Goud

  3. Laurel Fertility Care, San Francisco, CA, 94109, USA

    Pravin T. Goud

  4. California Northstate University Medical College, Elk Grove, CA, 95757, USA

    Pravin T. Goud

  5. Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA

    Husam M. Abu-Soud

  6. Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA

    Husam M. Abu-Soud

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  1. Olivia G. Camp
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  5. Husam M. Abu-Soud
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The first draft of this manuscript was conceptualized and written by Olivia Camp and Husam Abu-Soud. All authors critically reviewed and revised the work. An extensive literature search was conducted and contributed to by all authors. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Husam M. Abu-Soud.

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Camp, O.G., Bembenek, J.N., Goud, P.T. et al. The Implications of Insufficient Zinc on the Generation of Oxidative Stress Leading to Decreased Oocyte Quality. Reprod. Sci. 30, 2069–2078 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s43032-023-01212-0

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