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The Potential Relationship Between Different Human Female Reproductive Disorders and Sperm Quality in Female Genital Tract

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Abstract

Spermatozoa should travel throughout the female reproductive tract to reach its ultimate goal, fertilization of the oocyte. At the ejaculation moment, millions of sperm within a few milliliters of the ejaculate are deposited at the cranial segment of vagina and make their journey to the fertilization site. This is done by means of various factors, such as sperm motility, the uterine and fallopian tubes contractility, and the ciliary movement of the lining cells. During this migration, spermatozoa interact with the female microenvironment both physically and molecularly. In this regard, the quality of the environmental conditions may affect this interaction. Therefore, some alterations in women’s genital tract microenvironment, such as conditions that occur in female reproductive disorders, may have detrimental effects on sperm reproductive function. In this review, human sperm migration through the female tract is described, and the potential effects of different reproductive disorders at reproductive organs, such as vagina, uterine cervix, uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovary on sperm survival and quality, are also argued. The understanding of those conditions that may impair sperm fertility in the female genital tract can provide a more accurate diagnosis of the causes of infertility in couples. This can ultimately lead to the discovery of effective treatment approaches.

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Acknowledgements

We would like to thank Mr. Saeed Taghavi for his critical revision and grammar comments during the preparation of this article.

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  1. Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Forough Mahdavinezhad, Roghaye Gharaei & Fardin Amidi

  2. Department of Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Advanced Technologies, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Ahmad Reza Farmani & Mahsa Kouhestani

  3. Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Farideh Hashemi

  4. Department of Infertility, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Fardin Amidi

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Mahdavinezhad, F., Gharaei, R., Farmani, A.R. et al. The Potential Relationship Between Different Human Female Reproductive Disorders and Sperm Quality in Female Genital Tract. Reprod. Sci. 29, 695–710 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s43032-021-00520-7

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