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The environmental interpretation of Pinus yunnanensis community differentiation after the invasion of Ageratina adenophora in Panxi region, China

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Abstract

The relationship between plants and the environment is the foundation of plant community composition. It is urgent to clarify the distribution pattern and influencing factors of community biodiversity, especially the driving patterns of environmental factors under the conditions of invasive alien species. In this study, we investigated the effects of various environmental factors, especially altitude and Ageratina adenophora invasion, on forest community differentiation in Pinus yunnanensis forest in Panxi region, providing a strong theoretical basis for forest management and natural resource protection in this area. Based on the field survey data of 40 sample sites, a total of 18 environmental factors, including climate, terrain, soil and biology are selected, which may affect Pinus yunnanensis community. The methods of Two-way indicator species analysis (TWINSPAN), Redundancy analysis and Locally weighted linear regression are adopted by quantitative ecology. The effects of environmental factors on forest community type, species distribution pattern and species diversity were discussed. The results show that: (1) The Pinus yunnanensis community was divided into 4 types by TWINSPAN. (2) Altitude, annual mean temperature, soil pH, soil total phosphorus, Ageratina adenophora invasion were significantly correlated with forest community types and species distribution. (3) With the increase in altitude, the species diversity of Pinus yunnanensis community decreased firstly and then increased, and reached its lowest point at about 1800–2000 m a.s.l. With the increase in Ageratina adenophora invasion, the species diversity index of the community showed a downward trend. (4) The species diversity index of the tree layer was negatively correlated with the altitude. The species diversity index of herbaceous layer was negatively correlated with the Ageratina adenophora invasion intensity. Environmental factors had little influence on the species diversity index of shrub layer. It is suggested that the next research focus should be on setting up experimental areas for the invasion area of Ageratina adenophora, exploring scientific and effective removal methods, strengthening the restoration research and demonstration construction of the invaded ecosystem. By simulating and reconstructing the historical distribution dynamics of Ageratina adenophora, analyzing its diffusion trend and environmental interpretation, predicting the suitable areas in China under the background of climate change. We will conduct long-term monitoring and risk assessment of invaded and potential spread areas, and formulate and implement prevention and control policies.

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Data availability

The following information was supplied regarding data availability: the climate data presented in the study were obtained from the WorldClim (https://www.worldclim.org/data/worldclim21.html). The raw data are available as a Supplemental File.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to express appreciation to the editors and reviewers for their help.

Funding

This research was supported by the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program (2019QZKK0301), the Biodiversity Survey and Assessment Project of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, China (2019HJ2096001006) and the National Natural Science Foundation of P. R. China (31860123). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. The following grant information was disclosed by the authors: Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program: 2019QZKK0301. Biodiversity Survey and Assessment Project of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, China: 2019HJ2096001006. National Natural Science Foundation of P. R. China: 31860123.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Earth Science, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, Sichuan, China

    Zhang Meng & Peng Peihao

  2. College of Tourism and Urban-Rural Planning, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, Sichuan, China

    Peng Peihao, Shi Songlin & Wang Guoyan

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  1. Zhang Meng
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  2. Peng Peihao
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  3. Shi Songlin
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  4. Wang Guoyan
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Contributions

PP conceived of the research idea; MZ, with contributions from SS and GW, collected data; MZ performed statistical analyses; MZ wrote the paper; all authors discussed the results and commented on the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Peng Peihao.

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The authors declare there are no competing interests.

Appendix

Appendix

See Fig. 

Fig. 10
figure 10

The relationship of the Ageratina adenophora invasion intensity and altitude. The gray area in the picture indicates that the significance level of 0.05 has been reached, the blue line indicates the fitting curve

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10, Table

Table 5 The plant species of Pinus yunnanensis community
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5

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Zhang, M., Peng, P., Shi, S. et al. The environmental interpretation of Pinus yunnanensis community differentiation after the invasion of Ageratina adenophora in Panxi region, China. COMMUNITY ECOLOGY 25, 45–64 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42974-023-00170-6

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