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Ultrasonic Atomizer for Aeroponic Cultivation: Effect of Nutrient Solution Dosage, Voltage, and Horn Dimensions

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Abstract

Purpose

Due to the advantages of aeroponic compared to other cultivation systems, the advantages of piezoelectric ultrasonic compared to other mist makers, and lack of research done to study the parameters affecting the misting rate of nutrient solutions with the approach used in aeroponic systems, the current work was carried out.

Methods

The effects of dosage of nutrient solution, voltage, horn diameter, and horn height on the misting rate, circuit current, power consumption, amplitude of sound waves, Δ pH, Δ EC (electrical conductivity), and Δ TDS (total dissolved solids) were investigated. Physical properties of the solution (density, viscosity, surface tension, and speed of sound) were measured. Moreover, optimization was performed to determine suitable ranges of independent variables.

Results

Obtained results showed that the four mentioned independent variables significantly affect the six dependent variables (P<1%). The misting rate was in the range of 96 to 411.6 g h−1. At the temperature of 25 °C and for different concentrations of fertilizer, the density, surface tension, viscosity, speed of sound in the solution, initial TDS, and initial pH varied between 1002.3–1004.8 kg m−3, 73.33–74.42 mN m−1, 1.009–1.395 mPa s, 1489–1502 m s−1, 1323–8865 mg L−1, and 6.18–6.84, respectively. Also, theoretically calculated mist mean droplet diameter was in the range of 2.868 to 2.880 μm for different fertilizer doses.

Conclusion

Mist generation by piezoelectric ceramics is an efficient method for use in aeroponic systems. Although the obtained misting rates in this study differ from the industrial values, the use of several piezoelectric ceramics is the simplest solution to this problem.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank the University of Tehran and Farvardin Azma Tajhiz Co. for supporting this work. The authors would also like to thank Prof. Ali Rajabipour and Dr. Mohammad Hassan Torabi for their technical support.

Funding

This work is based upon research funded by Iran National Science Foundation under project number 99022977.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanics of Biosystem Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Technology, College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Alborz, Iran

    Amir Hossein Mirzabe, Ali Hajiahmad & Shahin Rafiee

  2. Department of Food Technology, College of Aburaihan, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

    Ali Fadavi

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  1. Amir Hossein Mirzabe
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  2. Ali Hajiahmad
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  3. Ali Fadavi
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  4. Shahin Rafiee
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Contributions

Amir Hossein Mirzabe: software, visualization, providing setup, acquisition of data; data analysis, drafting of the manuscript.

Ali Hajiahmad: providing setup, data analysis, supervising the work.

Ali Fadavi: revision of the manuscript, technical support.

Shahin Rafiee: revision of the manuscript, technical support.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ali Hajiahmad.

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The authors declare no competing interests.

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Highlights

1. Designing aeroponic cultivation system based on the ultrasonic technology was investigated.

2. Effects of nutrient solution dosage, voltage, and horn dimensions on misting rate were studied.

3. Density, viscosity, surface tension, and speed of sound of the solutions were measured.

4. Modeling of mechanical properties of the solutions as well as misting rate has been performed.

5. Optimization of the ultrasonic mist making process was performed.

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Mirzabe, A.H., Hajiahmad, A., Fadavi, A. et al. Ultrasonic Atomizer for Aeroponic Cultivation: Effect of Nutrient Solution Dosage, Voltage, and Horn Dimensions. J. Biosyst. Eng. 47, 130–151 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42853-022-00135-z

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