Abstract
Antarctic soils represent one of the most pristine environments on Earth, where highly adapted and often endemic microbial species withstand multiple extremes. Specifically, fungal diversity is extremely low in Antarctic soils and species distribution and diversity are still not fully characterized in the continent. Despite the unique features of this environment and the international interest in its preservation, several factors pose severe threats to the conservation of inhabiting ecosystems. In this light, we aimed to provide an overview of the effects on fungal communities of the main changes endangering the soils of the continent. Among these, the increasing human presence, both for touristic and scientific purposes, has led to increased use of fuels for transport and energy supply, which has been linked to an increase in unintentional environmental contamination. It has been reported that several fungal species have evolved cellular processes in response to these soil contamination episodes, which may be exploited for restoring contaminated areas at low temperatures. Additionally, the effects of climate change are another significant threat to Antarctic ecosystems, with the expected merging of previously isolated ecosystems and their homogenization. A possible reduction of biodiversity due to the disappearance of well-adapted, often endemic species, as well as an increase of biodiversity, due to the spreading of non-native, more competitive species have been suggested. Despite some studies describing the specialization of fungal communities and their correlation with environmental parameters, our comprehension of how soil communities may respond to these changes remains limited. The majority of studies attempting to precisely define the effects of climate change, including in situ and laboratory simulations, have mainly focused on the bacterial components of these soils, and further studies are necessary, including the other biotic components.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
FAO, GSBI ITPS, CBD EC (2020) State of knowledge of soil biodiversity. Status, challenges and potentialities, Report 2020. Rome, FAO. https://doi.org/10.4060/cb1928en
Flint EA, Stout JD (1960) Microbiology of some soils from Antarctica. Nature 188:767–768. https://doi.org/10.1038/188767b0
Tubaki K (1961) Notes on some fungi and yeasts from Antarctica. Antarct Rec Ser E 11:161–162
Ugolini FC, Starkey RL (1966) Soils and micro-organisms from Mount Erebus. Antarctica Nat 211:440–441. https://doi.org/10.1038/211440a0
Onofri S, Zucconi L, Tosi S (2007) Continental Antarctic fungi. IHW-
Rosa LH, Zani CL, Cantrell CL et al (2019) Fungi in Antarctica: Diversity, Ecology, effects of Climate Change, and Bioprospection for Bioactive compounds. In: Rosa L (ed) Fungi of Antarctica. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-18367-7_1
Campbell IB, Claridge GGC, Balks MR (1994) The effect of human activities on moisture content of soils and underlying permafrost from the McMurdo Sound region, Antarctica. Antarct Sci 6(3):307–314
Tin T, Fleming ZL, Hughes KA et al (2009) Impacts of local human activities on the Antarctic environment. Antarct Sci 21(1):3–33
O’Neill TA (2017) Protection of Antarctic soil environments: a review of the current issues and future challenges for the environmental protocol. Environ Sci Policy 76:153–164
IPCC (2023) Summary for policymakers. In: Lee H, Romero J (eds) Climate Change 2023: synthesis report. Contribution of Working groups I, II and III to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Core writing Team. IPCC, Geneva, Switzerland, pp 1–34. doi: https://doi.org/10.59327/IPCC/AR6-9789291691647.001
Lim ZS, Wong RR, Wong CY et al (2021) Bibliometric analysis of research on diesel pollution in Antarctica and a review on remediation techniques. Appl Sci 11(3):1123. https://doi.org/10.3390/app11031123
Lin J, Rayhan AS, Wang Y et al (2021) Distribution and contamination assessment of heavy metals in soils and sediments from the Fildes Peninsula and Ardley Island in King George Island, Antarctica. Polar Res 40. https://doi.org/10.33265/polar.v40.5270
Luarte T, Gómez-Aburto VA, Poblete-Castro I et al (2023) Levels of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in the Antarctic atmosphere over time (1980 to 2021) and estimation of their atmospheric half-lives. Atmospheric Chem Phys 23:8103–8118. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8103-2023
Rossi S (2022) A journey in Antarctica: exploring the future of the white continent. Springer Nature Publishing, Cham, Switzerland, p 198
Bargagli R, Rota E (2024) Environmental contamination and climate change in Antarctic ecosystems: an updated overview. Environ Sci: Adv. https://doi.org/10.1039/d3va00113j
Aislabie J, Fraser R, Duncan S, Farrell RL (2001) Effects of oil spills on microbial heterotrophs in Antarctic soils. Polar Biol 24:308–313. https://doi.org/10.1007/s003000000210
Aislabie JM, Balks MR, Foght JM, Waterhouse EJ (2004) Hydrocarbon spills on Antarctic soils: effects and management. Environ Sci Technol 38(5):1265–1274. https://doi.org/10.1021/es0305149
Horowitz NH, Cameron RE, Hubbard JS (1972) Microbiology of the dry valleys of Antarctica: studies in the world’s coldest and driest desert have implications for the Mars biological program. Sci 176(4032):242–245. https://www.jstor.org/stable/1733955
Hughes KA, Bridge P, Clark MS (2007) Tolerance of Antarctic soil fungi to hydrocarbons. Sci Tot Environ 372(2–3):539–548. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2006.09.016
Ferrari BC, Zhang C, Van Dorst J (2011) Recovering greater fungal diversity from pristine and diesel fuel contaminated sub-antarctic soil through cultivation using both a high and a low nutrient media approach. Front Microbiol 2:217. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2011.00217
Kochkina GA, Ivanushkina NE, Lupachev AV et al (2019) Diversity of mycelial fungi in natural and human-affected Antarctic soils. Polar Biol 42:47–64. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-018-2398-y
Vlasov DY, Kirtsideli IY, Abakumov EV et al (2020) Anthropogenic invasion of micromycetes to undisturbed ecosystems of the Larsemann Hills Oasis (East Antarctica). Russ J Biol Invasions 11:208–215. https://doi.org/10.1134/S2075111720030121
Hamamura N, Olson SH, Ward DM, Inskeep WP (2006) Microbial population dynamics associated with crude-oil biodegradation in diverse soils. Appl Environ Microbiol 72:6316–6324. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.01015-06
Kuc V, Vázquez S, Hernández E et al (2019) Hydrocarbon-contaminated Antarctic soil: changes in bacterial community structure during the progress of enrichment cultures with different n-alkanes as substrate. Polar Biol 42:1157–1166. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-019-02508-1
Silva JB, Centurion VB, Duarte AW et al (2022) Unravelling the genetic potential for hydrocarbon degradation in the sediment microbiome of Antarctic islands. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 99(1). https://doi.org/10.1093/femsec/fiac143
Kerry E (1990) Microorganisms colonizing plants and soil subjected to different degrees of human activity, including petroleum contamination, in the Vestfold Hills and MacRobertson Land. Antarctica Polar Biol 10:423–430. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00233690
Wong RR, Lim ZS, Shaharuddin NA et al (2021) Diesel in Antarctica and a bibliometric study on its indigenous microorganisms as remediation agent. Int J Environ Res Public Health 18(4):1512. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18041512
Martorell MM, Ruberto LAM, de Castellanos LIF, Cormack WPM (2019) Bioremediation abilities of Antarctic fungi. In: Tiquia-Arashiro SM, Grube M (eds) Fungi in Extreme Environments: Ecological Role and Biotechnological Significance Springer Cham, pp 517–534. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-19030-9
Line MA (1988) Microbial flora of some soils of Mawson Base and the Vestfold Hills. Antarctica Polar Biol 8:421–427. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00264718
Canini F, Geml J, Buzzini P et al (2021) Growth forms and functional guilds distribution of soil fungi in coastal versus inland sites of Victoria Land. Antarctica Biology 10(4):320. https://doi.org/10.3390/biology10040320
Newsham KK, Davey ML, Hopkins DW, Dennis PG (2021) Regional diversity of maritime Antarctic soil fungi and predicted responses of guilds and growth forms to climate change. Front Microbiol 11:615659. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2020.615659
Zhang C, Sirijovski N, Adler L, Ferrari BC (2019) Exophiala macquariensis sp. nov., a cold adapted black yeast species recovered from a hydrocarbon contaminated sub-antarctic soil. Fungal Biol 123(2):151–158. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.funbio.2018.11.011
Isola D, Selbmann L, de Hoog GS et al (2013) Isolation and screening of black fungi as degraders of volatile aromatic hydrocarbons. Mycopathologia 175:369–379. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11046-013-9635-2
Isola D, Scano A, Orrù G et al (2021) Hydrocarbon-contaminated sites: is there something more than Exophiala Xenobiotica? New insights into black fungal diversity using the long cold incubation method. J Fungi 7(10):817. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof7100817
Isola D, Prigione VP, Zucconi L et al (2022) Knufia obscura sp. nov. and knufia victoriae sp. nov., two new species from extreme environments. Int J Syst Evol Micr 72(10):005530. https://doi.org/10.1099/ijsem.0.005530
Ogaki MB (2021) Antarctic Marine Fungi and their potential application in Bioremediation. In: Vala AK, Dudhagara DR, Dave BP (eds) Marine Microbial Bioremediation. CRC, pp 152–170
Primitz VJ, Vázquez S, Ruberto L et al (2021) Bioremediation of hydrocarbon-contaminated soil from Carlini Station, Antarctica: effectiveness of different nutrient sources as biostimulation agents. Polar Biol 44:289–303. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-020-02787-z
Aislabie J, Foght J, Saul D (2000) Aromatic hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria from soil near Scott Base, Antarctica. Polar Biol 23:183–188. https://doi.org/10.1007/s003000050025
Abdulrasheed M, Zakaria N, Roslee AFA et al (2020) Biodegradation of diesel oil by cold-adapted bacterial strains of Arthrobacter spp. Antarctica Antarct Sci 32(5):341–353. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954102020000206
Jesus HED, Carreira RS, Paiva SS et al (2021) Microbial succession under freeze–thaw events and its potential for hydrocarbon degradation in nutrient-amended antarctic soil. Microorganisms 9(3):609. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9030609
Kozlovsky AG, Kochkina GA, Zhelifonova VP et al (2020) Secondary metabolites of the genus Penicillium from undisturbed and anthropogenically altered Antarctic habitats. Folia Microbiol 65:95–102. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12223-019-00708-0
Govarthanan M, Fuzisawa S, Hosogai T, Chang YC (2017) Biodegradation of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons using the filamentous fungus penicillium sp. CHY-2 and characterization of its manganese peroxidase activity. RSC Adv 7(34):20716–20723. https://doi.org/10.1039/C6RA28687A
Chang YC, Onodera R, Reddy MV (2020) Degradation of 4-tert-butylphenol in contaminated soil using Penicillium sp. CHY-2 isolated from pristine Antarctica. Water-Energy Nexus 3:11–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wen.2020.03.002
Stoyanova K, Gerginova M, Dincheva I et al (2022) Biodegradation of naphthalene and anthracene by aspergillus glaucus strain isolated from Antarctic soil. Processes 10(5):873. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr10050873
Klánová J, Matykiewiczová N, Máčka Z et al (2008) Persistent organic pollutants in soils and sediments from James Ross Island, Antarctica. Environ Pollut 152(2):416–423. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2007.06.026
Wang D, Ma H, Chen Z, Shi G (2022) Occurrences and possible sources of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in ice-free area soils in East Antarctica. CATENA 212:106083. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2022.106083
Subramaniam K, Ahmad SA, Shaharuddin NA (2020) Mini review on phenol biodegradation in Antarctica using native microorganisms. Asia Pac J Mol Biol Biotechnol 28:77–89. https://doi.org/10.35118/apjmbb.2020.028.1.08
Gerginova M, Manasiev J, Yemendzhiev H et al (2013) Biodegradation of phenol by Antarctic strains of aspergillus fumigatus. Z Naturforsch C J Biosci 68(9–10):384–393. https://doi.org/10.1515/znc-2013-9-1006
Fernández PM, Martorell MM, Blaser MG et al (2017) Phenol degradation and heavy metal tolerance of Antarctic yeasts. Extremophiles 21:445–457. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00792-017-0915-5
Alexieva Z, Yemendzhiev H, Tossi S al (2012) Growth of fungal strains isolated from Livingston Island on phenolic compounds-biodegradation potential. In: Mendez-Vilas A (ed) Microbes in Applied Research: current advances and challenges. World Scientific publishing Co., pp 131–134
Rota E, Bergami E, Corsi I, Bargagli R (2022) Macro-and microplastics in the Antarctic environment: ongoing assessment and perspectives. Environments 9(7):93. https://doi.org/10.3390/environments9070093
Bergami E, Rota E, Caruso T et al (2020) Plastics everywhere: first evidence of polystyrene fragments inside the common Antarctic collembolan Cryptopygus antarcticus. Biol Lett 16(6):20200093. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2020.0093
Aves AR, Revell LE, Gaw S et al (2022) First evidence of microplastics in Antarctic snow. Cryosphere 16(6):2127–2145. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-2127-2022
Perfetti-Bolaño A, Araneda A, Muñoz K, Barra RO (2022) Occurrence and distribution of microplastics in soils and intertidal sediments at Fildes Bay, Maritime Antarctica. Front Mar Sci 8:774055. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.774055
Kelly A, Lannuzel D, Rodemann T, Meiners KM, Auman HJ (2020) Microplastic contamination in East Antarctic Sea Ice. Mar Pollut Bull 154:111130. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111130
Lacerda ALDF, Proietti MC, Secchi ER, Taylor JD (2020) Diverse groups of fungi are associated with plastics in the surface waters of the western south Atlantic and the Antarctic Peninsula. Mol Ecol 29:1903–1918. https://doi.org/10.1111/mec.15444
Srikanth M, Sandeep TSRS, Sucharitha K, Godi S (2022) Biodegradation of plastic polymers by fungi: a brief review. Bioresour Bioprocess 9(1):42. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40643-022-00532-4
Lee JR, Raymond B, Bracegirdle TJ et al (2017) Climate change drives expansion of Antarctic ice-free habitat. Nature 547(7661):49–54. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature22996
Convey P, Peck LS (2019) Antarctic environmental change and biological responses. Sci Adv 5(11):eaaz0888. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aaz088
IPCC (2019) In: Pörtner HO, Roberts DC, Masson-Delmotte V et al (eds) IPCC Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a changing climate. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK and New York, USA, p 755. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009157964.
Francelino MR, Schaefer C, Skansi MDLM et al (2021) P WMO evaluation of two extreme high temperatures occurring in February 2020 for the Antarctic Peninsula region. BAMS 102(11):E2053-E2061. https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-21-0040.1
Clem KR, Fogt RL, Turner J et al (2020) Record warming at the South Pole during the past three decades. Nat Clim Change 10:762–770. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-020-0815-z
Burton-Johnson A, Black M, Fretwell PT, Kaluza-Gilbert J (2016) An automated methodology for differentiating rock from snow, clouds and sea in Antarctica from Landsat 8 imagery: a new rock outcrop map and area estimation for the entire Antarctic continent. Cryosphere 10(4):1665–1677. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-10-1665-2016
Dragone NB, Diaz MA, Hogg ID et al (2021) Exploring the boundaries of microbial habitability in soil. JGR Biogeosciences 126(6). https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JG006052. e2020JG006052
Connell L, Redman R, Craig S, Rodriguez R (2006) Distribution and abundance of fungi in the soils of Taylor Valley, Antarctica. Soil Biol Biochem 38(10):3083–3094. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2006.02.016
Canini F, Geml J, D’Acqui LP et al (2020) Exchangeable cations and pH drive diversity and functionality of fungal communities in biological soil crusts from coastal sites of Victoria Land, Antarctica. Fungal Ecol 45:100923. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.funeco.2020.100923
Canini F, Geml J, D’Acqui LP et al (2021a) Fungal diversity and functionality are driven by soil texture in Taylor Valley, Antarctica. Fungal Ecol 50:101041. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.funeco.2021.101041
Levy JS, Fountain AG, Obryk MK et al (2018) Decadal topographic change in the McMurdo Dry valleys of Antarctica: Thermokarst subsidence, glacier thinning, and transfer of water storage from the cryosphere to the hydrosphere. Geomorphology 323:80–97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2018.09.012
Convey P, Coulson SJ, Worland MR, Sjöblom A (2018) The importance of understanding annual and shorter-term temperature patterns and variation in the surface levels of polar soils for terrestrial biota. Polar Biol 41:1587–1605. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-018-2299-0
Cucini C, Nardi F, Magnoni L et al (2022) Microhabitats, macro-differences: a survey of temperature records in Victoria Land terrestrial and freshwater environments. Antarct Sci 34(3):256–265. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954102022000050
Canini F, Borruso L, Newsham KK et al (2023) Wide divergence of fungal communities inhabiting rocks and soils in a hyper-arid Antarctic desert. Environ Microbiol 25:3671–3682. https://doi.org/10.1111/1462-2920.16534
Canini F, Byron JA, D’Acqui LP et al (2024) Antarctic Rock and Soil Microbiomes: Shared Taxa, Selective Pressures, and Extracellular DNA Effects. Geoderma (under revision)
Walton DWH, Kennicutt MC, Summerhayes CP (2015) Antarctic Scientific collaboration: the role of the SCAR. In: Liggett D, Storey B, Cook Y, Meduna V (eds) Exploring the last continent: an introduction to Antarctica. Springer, pp 573–588
Gutt J, Isla E, Xavier JC et al (2021) Antarctic ecosystems in transition–life between stresses and opportunities. Biol Rev 96(3):798–821. https://doi.org/10.1111/brv.12679
Horrocks CA, Newsham KK, Cox F et al (2020) Predicting climate change impacts on maritime Antarctic soils: a space-for-time substitution study. Soil Biol Biochem 141:107682. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2019.107682
Cannone N, Malfasi F, Favero-Longo SE et al (2022) Acceleration of climate warming and plant dynamics in Antarctica. Curr Biol 32(7):1599–1606e2. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2022.01.074
Koerich G, Fraser CI, Lee CK et al (2023) Forecasting the future of life in Antarctica. Trends Ecol Evol 38(1):24–34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2022.07.009
Fell JW, Scorzetti G, Connell L, Craig S (2006) Biodiversity of micro-eukaryotes in Antarctic Dry Valley soils with < 5% soil moisture. Soil Biol Biochem 38(10):3107–3119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2006.01.014
Yergeau E, Kowalchuk GA (2008) Responses of Antarctic soil microbial communities and associated functions to temperature and freeze–thaw cycle frequency. Environ microbiol 10(9):2223–2235. https://doi.10.1016/j.funbio.2018.11.011
Melick DR, Bolter M, Moller R (1994) Rates of soluble carbohydrate utilization in soils from the Windmill islands Oasis, Wilkes Land, continental Antarctica. Polar Biol 14:59–64. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00240274
Collins GE, Hogg ID, Convey P et al (2019) Spatial and temporal scales matter when assessing the species and genetic diversity of springtails (Collembola) in Antarctica. Front Ecol Evol 7:76. https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2019.00076
Chwedorzewska KJ, Giełwanowska I, Olech M et al (2015) Poa annua L. in the maritime Antarctic: an overview. Polar Rec 51(6):637–643. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0032247414000916
Cowan DA, Chown SL, Convey P et al (2011) Non-indigenous microorganisms in the Antarctic: assessing the risks. Trends Microbiol 19(11):540–548. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tim.2011.07.008
Coleine C, Stajich JE, Zucconi L et al (2018) Antarctic cryptoendolithic fungal communities are highly adapted and dominated by Lecanoromycetes and Dothideomycetes. Front Microbiol 9:1392. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2018.01392
Selbmann L, Isola D, Fenice M et al (2012) Potential extinction of Antarctic endemic fungal species as a consequence of global warming. Sci Tot Environ 438:127–134. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.08.027
Cox F, Newsham KK, Robinson CH (2019) Endemic and cosmopolitan fungal taxa exhibit differential abundances in total and active communities of Antarctic soils. Environ Microbiol 21(5):1586–1596. https://doi.org/10.1111/1462-2920.14533
Niederberger TD, Bottos EM, Sohm JA et al (2019) Rapid Microbial Dynamics in response to an Induced Wetting Event in Antarctic Dry Valley Soils. Front Microbiol 10:621. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2019.00621
Newsham K, Hopkins D, Carvalhais L et al (2016) Relationship between soil fungal diversity and temperature in the maritime Antarctic. Nat Clim Change 6:182–186. https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate2806
McKnight DM, Tate CM, Andrews ED et al (2007) Reactivation of a cryptobiotic stream ecosystem in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica: a long-term geomorphological experiment. Geomorphology 89(1–2):186–204. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2006.07.025
Tiao G, Lee CK, McDonald IR et al (2012) Rapid microbial response to the presence of an ancient relic in the Antarctic Dry Valleys. Nat Commun 3(1):660. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms1645
Van Horn DJ, Okie JG, Buelow HN et al (2014) Soil microbial responses to increased moisture and organic resources along a salinity gradient in a polar desert. AEM 80(10):3034–3043. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.03414-1
Buelow HN, Winter AS, Van Horn DJ et al (2016) Microbial community responses to increased water and organic matter in the arid soils of the McMurdo Dry valleys, Antarctica. Front Microbiol 7:1040. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2016.01040
Monteiro MR, Marshall AJ, Hawes I et al (2022) Geochemically defined space-for-time transects successfully capture microbial dynamics along lacustrine chronosequences in a polar desert. Front Microbiol 12:783767. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.783767
Misiak M, Goodall-Copestake WP, Sparks TH et al (2020) Inhibitory effects of climate change on the growth and extracellular enzyme activities of a widespread Antarctic soil fungus. Glob Chang Biol 27(5):1111–1125. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.15456
Monteiro MR, Marshall AJ, Lee CK et al (2023) Bringing Antarctica to the lab: a polar desert environmental chamber to study the response of Antarctic microbial communities to climate change. Polar Biol 46(5):445–459. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-023-03135-7
Kim D, Park HJ, Kim JH et al (2018) Passive warming effect on soil microbial community and humic substance degradation in maritime Antarctic region. J Basic Microbiol 58(6):513–522. https://doi.org/10.1002/jobm.201700470
Newsham KK (2024) Diurnal temperature fluctuation inhibits the growth of an Antarctic fungus. Fungal Biology (in
Newsham KK, Misiak M, Goodall-Copestake WP et al (2022) Experimental warming increases fungal alpha diversity in an oligotrophic maritime Antarctic soil. Front Microbiol 13:1050372. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2022.1050372
Panin AL, Sboychakov VB, Belov AB et al (2016) Natural and technogenic focality of infectious diseases in the territory of Antarctic settlements. Biol Bull Rev 6:320–332. https://doi.org/10.1134/S2079
da Silva TH, Gomes ECQ, Gonçalves VN et al (2022) Does maritime Antarctic permafrost harbor environmental fungi with pathogenic potential? Fungal Biol 126(8):488–497. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.funbio.2022.04.003
de Sousa JR, Goncalves VN, de Holanda RA et al (2017) Pathogenic potential of environmental resident fungi from ornithogenic soils of Antarctica. Fungal biol 121(12):991–1000. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.funbio.2017.09.005
Gonçalves VN, Oliveira FS, Carvalho CR et al (2017) Antarctic rocks from continental Antarctica as source of potential human opportunistic fungi. Extremophiles 21:851–860. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00792-017-0947-x
Zhang T, Yan D, Ji Z et al (2022) A comprehensive assessment of fungal communities in various habitats from an ice-free area of maritime Antarctica: diversity, distribution, and ecological trait. Environ Microbiome 17(1):54. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40793-022-00450-0
Acknowledgements
The authors wish to thank the Italian National Antarctic Research Program for funding sampling campaigns and research activities in Italy in the frame of PNRA projects. This work was supported by the Italian National Program for Antarctic Researches [grant number PNRA0000005]. Dr. Laura Bertini is also acknowledged for providing a picture of the maritime Antarctic landscape.
Funding
This work was supported by the Italian National Program for Antarctic Researches (PNRA), grant numbers PNRA18_00015, PNRA_0000005.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
Additional information
Responsible Editor: Melissa Fontes Landell.
Publisher’s Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Electronic supplementary material
Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Zucconi, L., Cavallini, G. & Canini, F. Trends in Antarctic soil fungal research in the context of environmental changes. Braz J Microbiol (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42770-024-01333-x
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42770-024-01333-x