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In vivo evaluation of the antiretroviral activity of Melia azedarach against small ruminant lentiviruses in goat colostrum and milk

  • Veterinary Microbiology - Research Paper
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Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate in vivo the use of the extract from the leaves of Melia azedarach in the ethyl acetate fraction at a concentration of 150 µg/mL as an antiretroviral treatment against small ruminant lentiviruses (SRLV) in goat colostrum, and milk with a 90-min action. Two groups of six kids were treated with the extract. One group received three supplies of colostrum from does naturally positive for SRLV, treated with the ethyl acetate fraction of M. azedarach (EAF-MA) for three days, while the other group consumed milk from does also carrying the virus with the respective extract twice a day for five days. After undergoing treatment, all animals began to receive thermized milk until weaning (60 days) and were monitored for six months using nested polymerase chain reaction (nPCR) and western blot (WB) tests. The study revealed cumulative percentages of positive animals in WB or nPCR in the milk group of 66.66% on the seventh day, 83.33% in the following week, and 100% at 120 days, while the colostrum group showed values of 66.66% at 14 days, 83.33% at 90 days, and 100% at 120 days. Variation and intermittency were observed in viral detection, but all animals tested positive in WB or nPCR at some point. A potential delay in infection was observed, which was more significant in the colostrum group. The need for the combination of serological and molecular tests for a more efficient detection of the disease is also emphasized.

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Acknowledgements

This study was financed by the National Council of Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq; Brazil) under code 312900/2019-8, Embrapa Goats & Sheep under code 40.19.00.150.00.00, and Ceará State Foundation Support for Scientific and Technological Development (FUNCAP) under codes DC8-0145-00042.01.00/18 and 9751533/2018.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Virology Laboratory (LABOVIR), State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil

    Samara Cristina Rocha Souza & Maria Fátima da Silva Teixeira

  2. Embrapa Goats & Sheep, Sobral, Ceará, Brazil

    Raymundo Rizaldo Pinheiro & Alice Andrioli

  3. Vale do Salgado University Center (UNIVS), Icó, Ceará, Brazil

    Renato Mesquita Peixoto

  4. Faculdade Educar da Ibiapaba, Ipu, Ceará, Brazil

    Ana Lídia Madeira de Sousa

  5. Regional Scientific Development Fellowship of the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (DCR-CNPq/FUNCAP), Level C, Embrapa Goats & Sheep, Sobral, Ceará, Brazil

    Ana Milena César Lima

  6. Graduate Program in Tropical Animal Science, Federal University of Piauí, Piauí, Brazil

    Bárbara Karen Marques Mendes

  7. Graduate Program in Animal Health and Science, Federal University of Campina Grande, Patos, Paraíba, Brazil

    Nathália Maria de Andrade Magalhães

  8. Graduate Program in Animal Science, Vale Do Acaraú State University, Sobral, Ceará, Brazil

    Gabriel Paula Amaral

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  1. Samara Cristina Rocha Souza
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Souza, S.C.R., Pinheiro, R.R., Peixoto, R.M. et al. In vivo evaluation of the antiretroviral activity of Melia azedarach against small ruminant lentiviruses in goat colostrum and milk. Braz J Microbiol 55, 875–887 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42770-023-01174-0

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