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Candida albicans antibiofilm molecules: analysis based on inhibition and eradication studies

  • Bacterial and Fungal Pathogenesis - Review
  • Published:
Brazilian Journal of Microbiology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Biofilms are communities of microbial cells surrounded by an extracellular polysaccharide matrix, recognized as a fungal source for local and systemic infections and less susceptible to antifungal drugs. Thus, treatment of biofilm-related Candida spp. infections with popular antifungals such as fluconazole is limited and species-dependent and alternatively demands the use of expensive and high toxic drugs. In this sense, molecules with antibiofilm activity have been studied but without care regarding the use of important criteria such as antibiofilm concentration lower than antifungal concentration when considering the process of inhibition of formation and concentrations equal to or lower than 300 µM. Therefore, this review tries to gather the most promising molecules regarding the activity against the C. albicans biofilm described in the last 10 years, considering the activity of inhibition and eradication. From January 2011 to July 2021, articles were searched on Scopus, PubMed, and Science Direct, combining the keywords “antibiofilm,” “candida albicans,” “compound,” and “molecule” with AND and OR operators. After 3 phases of selection, 21 articles describing 42 molecules were discussed in the review. Most of them were more promising for the inhibition of biofilm formation, with SM21 (24) being an interesting molecule for presenting inhibitory and eradication activity in biofilms with 24 and 48 h, as well as alizarin (26) and chrysazine (27), with concentrations well below the antifungal concentration. Despite the detection of these molecules and the attempts to determine the mechanisms of action by microscopic analysis and gene expression, no specific target has been determined. Thus, a gap is signaled, requiring further studies such as proteomic analyses to clarify it.

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This study received financial support from the Bahia State Foundation for Research Support (FAPESB) (grant code BOL2236/2019). The author (Humberto F. Freitas) would like to thank the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel agency (CAPES) (Finance Code 001).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Post-Graduation Program in Pharmacy, Pharmacy College, Federal University of Bahia, Barão de Geremoabo Street, 147, Ondina, Salvador, Bahia CEP, 40170115, Brazil

    Carolina do Rosário Esteves Guimarães, Humberto Fonseca de Freitas & Tânia Fraga Barros

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  1. Carolina do Rosário Esteves Guimarães
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  2. Humberto Fonseca de Freitas
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  3. Tânia Fraga Barros
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Contributions

Carolina Guimarães, conceptualization, methodology, and writing — original draft. Humberto de Freitas, conceptualization, methodology, software, writing — review and editing, and visualization. Tânia Barros, writing — review and editing, and visualization. All authors contributed to the article and approved the submitted version.

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Correspondence to Tânia Fraga Barros.

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do Rosário Esteves Guimarães, C., de Freitas, H.F. & Barros, T.F. Candida albicans antibiofilm molecules: analysis based on inhibition and eradication studies. Braz J Microbiol 54, 37–52 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42770-022-00876-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42770-022-00876-1

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