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Analysis of morphological variations of three Adlerius (Diptera: Psychodidae) species collected in two cutaneous leishmaniasis endemic foci of Turkey

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Abstract

Leishmaniasis, transmitted to human by sand flies, is a neglected vector-borne diseases and has two clinical forms: cutaneous (CL) and visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in Turkey. Subgenus of Adlerius are known as probable vectors of both forms of leishmaniasis in Turkey. Examined three species belonging to Adlerius are difficult to distinguish morphologically and have similar taxonomic characters. The aim of this study was to analyse and identify the possible morphological variations, of wild-caught sand fly specimens belonging to Adlerius subgenus. Six and seven morphological characters for female and male specimens were used, respectively. ANOVA, principal component analysis (PCA) and discriminant function analysis (DFA) test were performed to determine the significant morphometric variables of the three species. Univariate and multivariate analyses of 13 morphometric variables via ANOVA, DFA and PCA showed that eight (six for females, two for males) morphometric variables had an accuracy of 100% for discriminating three Adlerius subgenus specimens. The analyses revealed significant differences on several morphological structures of Adlerius specimens. These results suggested that morphological and morphometrical features can be used to discriminate three Adlerius species, in which one of them is proven vector Leishmania (L.) tropica in two foci of Turkey.

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Acknowledgements

We thank Scientifc Research Projects Coordination Unit of Ege University, which supported our study with a project ID of ‘2009 TIP 32’.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Karaisali Vocational School, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey

    Hakan Kavur

  2. Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey

    Huseyin Arikan

  3. Faculty of Medicine, Department of Parasitology, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey

    Seray Toz & Yusuf Ozbel

  4. Faculty of Medicine, Department of Parasitology, Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey

    Ibrahim Cuneyt Balcioglu

Authors
  1. Hakan Kavur
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  2. Huseyin Arikan
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  3. Seray Toz
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  4. Ibrahim Cuneyt Balcioglu
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  5. Yusuf Ozbel
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Correspondence to Hakan Kavur.

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Kavur, H., Arikan, H., Toz, S. et al. Analysis of morphological variations of three Adlerius (Diptera: Psychodidae) species collected in two cutaneous leishmaniasis endemic foci of Turkey. Int J Trop Insect Sci 42, 93–102 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42690-021-00521-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42690-021-00521-8

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