Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

UV-resistant gellan gum film reinforced with chitosan nanoparticle for eco-friendly packaging

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Emergent Materials Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Petroleum-derived packaging materials commonly lack biodegradability, posing significant environmental and health concerns. As a result, there is a growing focus among researchers on developing innovative, biodegradable, and safe food packaging films. In this study, films based on a natural biopolymer gellan gum (GG) reinforced with chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs) were developed using a solvent casting technique. The CNPs, with an average size of 34 nm, were synthesized via ionic gelation using sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP) as a gelating agent. The structure–property relationship of these bionanocomposite films was examined by analyzing their microstructure, thermal behavior, mechanical strength, UV resistance, optical properties, and water barrier characteristics. Compared to pure GG films, the composite films exhibited improved thermal stability, mechanical strength, and barrier properties against water and UV radiation. Increasing the CNPs loading from 0 to 9 wt% resulted in decreased transparency and optical band gaps, from 87.73 to 42.15 and from 5.6048 to 5.3706 eV, respectively. Notably, GG films loaded with 1 wt% CNPs demonstrated the highest tensile strength and thermal stability. Moreover, water absorption, water vapor permeability, and equilibrium moisture content decreased as CNPs loading increased from 0 to 9 wt%. These findings suggest the potential of GG/CNP bionanocomposite films as sustainable packaging materials for the food industry.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. N. Kaur, C. Somasundram, Z. Razali, A.-H.I. Mourad, F. Hamed, Z.F.R. Ahmed, 16 (2024) 242

  2. D Merino UC Paul A Athanassiou 2024 Food Hydrocolloids Crc Press 152 109903

  3. G.F. Schutz, S. de Ávila Gonçalves, R.M.V. Alves, R.P. Vieira Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 261 (2024) 129916

  4. S. Bhatia, Y. Abbas Shah, A. Al-Harrasi, M. Jawad, E. Koca, L.Y. Aydemir, ACS. Omega. 9 (2024) 9003–9012

  5. A.H. Abdullah, M.A.A. Awad-Allah, N.A.A. Abd-Elkarim, Z.F.R. Ahmed, E.M.A. Taha, 13 (2023) 1058

  6. N. Roy, N. Saha, P. Saha, Biodegradable hydrogel film for food packaging 2011

  7. G. Muratore, D. Nobile, G.G. Buonocore, C.M. Lanza, N. Asmundo, J. Food Eng. 67, 393–399 (2005)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. J.-W. Rhim, H.-M. Park, C.-S. Ha, Prog. Polym. Sci. 38, 1629–1652 (2013)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. C.M. Rochman, M.A. Browne, B.S. Halpern, B.T. Hentschel, E. Hoh, H.K. Karapanagioti, L.M. Rios-Mendoza, H. Takada, S. Teh, R.C. Thompson, Nature 494, 169–171 (2013)

    Article  ADS  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. N. Rasool, W.N. Baba, S. Rafiq, U. Mirza, S. Maqsood, Food Chem. 437, 137715 (2024)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. P. Kanmani, J.W. Rhim, Carbohyd. Polym. 106, 190–199 (2014)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. V.D. Prajapati, G.K. Jani, B.S. Zala, T.A. Khutliwala, Carbohyd. Polym. 93, 670–678 (2013)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. J. Ahmed, R. Santhosh, R. Thakur, M. Mulla, P. Sarkar, Food Packag. Shelf Life 38, 101117 (2023)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. R.M. Banik, A. Santhiagu, Biotech. Lett. 28, 1347–1350 (2006)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. S. Chakraborty, S. Jana, A. Gandhi, K.K. Sen, W. Zhiang, C. Kokare, Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 70, 292–299 (2014)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. W. Rosas-Flores, E.G. Ramos-Ramírez, J.A. Salazar-Montoya, Carbohyd. Polym. 98, 1011–1017 (2013)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. F. Bertoni, N. Barbani, P. Giusti, G. Ciardelli, Biotech. Lett. 28, 697–702 (2006)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. R. Chandrasekaran, A. Radha, Trends Food Sci. Technol. 6, 143–148 (1995)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. A.M. Fialho, L.M. Moreira, A.T. Granja, A.O. Popescu, K. Hoffmann, I. Sá-Correia, Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 79, 889–900 (2008)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. A.M. Fialho, L.O. Martins, M.L. Donval, J.H. Leitao, M.J. Ridout, A.J. Jay, V.J. Morris, I.I. Sa-Correia, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 65, 2485–2491 (1999)

    Article  ADS  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  21. I. Giavasis, L.M. Harvey, B. McNeil, Crit. Rev. Biotechnol. 20, 177–211 (2000)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. J.T. Oliveira, L. Martins, R. Picciochi, P.B. Malafaya, R.A. Sousa, N.M. Neves, J.F. Mano, R.L. Reis, J. Biomed. Mater. Res., Part A 93, 852–863 (2010)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. J.T. Oliveira, T.C. Santos, L. Martins, M.A. Silva, A.P. Marques, A.G. Castro, N.M. Neves, R.L. Reis, J. Tissue Eng. Regen. Med. 3, 493–500 (2009)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. J.T. Oliveira, L.S. Gardel, T. Rada, L. Martins, M.E. Gomes, R.L. Reis, J. Orthop. Res. 28, 1193–1199 (2010)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Y. Gong, C. Wang, R.C. Lai, K. Su, F. Zhang, D.-A. Wang, J. Mater. Chem. 19, 1968–1977 (2009)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. J. Carlfors, K. Edsman, R. Petersson, K. Jörnving, Eur. J. Pharm. Sci. 6, 113–119 (1998)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. A. Rozier, C. Mazuel, J. Grove, B. Plazonnet, Int. J. Pharm. 57, 163–168 (1989)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. G. Xiao, Y. Zhu, L. Wang, Q. You, P. Huo, Y. You, Procedia Environ. Sci. 8, 756–763 (2011)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. L.-T. Wu, I.L. Tsai, Y.-C. Ho, Y.-H. Hang, C. Lin, M.-L. Tsai, F.-L. Mi, Carbohyd. Polym. 254, 117410 (2021)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. N. Agarwal, Jyoti, M. Thakur, B.B. Mishra, S.P. Singh Environ. Technol. Innov. 31 (2023) 103231

  31. F.G. Silva, A.B.S. Passerini, L. Ozorio, C.S.F. Picone, F.A. Perrechil, Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 255, 128113 (2024)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. D. Gomes, J.P. Batista-Silva, A. Sousa, L.A. Passarinha, Carbohyd. Polym. 311, 120782 (2023)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. T. Sripahco, S. Khruengsai, P. Pripdeevech, Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 243, 125244 (2023)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. C. Rodríguez-González, A.L. Martínez-Hernández, V.M. Castaño, O.V. Kharissova, R.S. Ruoff, C. Velasco-Santos, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 51, 3619–3629 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. A. Barra, N.M. Ferreira, M.A. Martins, O. Lazar, A. Pantazi, A.A. Jderu, S.M. Neumayer, B.J. Rodriguez, M. Enăchescu, P. Ferreira, C. Nunes, Compos. Sci. Technol. 173, 53–60 (2019)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. M. Yadav, F.-C. Chiu, Carbohyd. Polym. 211, 181–194 (2019)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. M. Yadav, S. Ahmad, F.-C. Chiu, J. Ind. Eng. Chem. 68, 246–256 (2018)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. S. Roy, S. Shankar, J.-W. Rhim, Food Hydrocolloids 88, 237–246 (2019)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. S. Agnello, L. Gasperini, J.F. Mano, G. Pitarresi, F.S. Palumbo, R.L. Reis, G. Giammona, Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 98, 646–653 (2017)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. S. Kumar, P. Kaur, M. Bernela, R. Rani, R. Thakur, Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 93, 988–994 (2016)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. S. Pacelli, P. Paolicelli, G. Moretti, S. Petralito, S. Di Giacomo, A. Vitalone, M.A. Casadei, Eur. Polymer. J. 77, 114–123 (2016)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. S.-Y. Sung, L.T. Sin, T.-T. Tee, S.-T. Bee, A.R. Rahmat, W.A.W.A. Rahman, A.-C. Tan, M. Vikhraman, Trends Food Sci. Technol. 33, 110–123 (2013)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. M. Avella, J.J. De Vlieger, M.E. Errico, S. Fischer, P. Vacca, M.G. Volpe, Food. Chem. 93, 467–474 (2005)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. H.M.C.d. Azeredo Food Res. Int. 42 (2009) 1240–1253

  45. C.J. Weber, V. Haugaard, R. Festersen, G. Bertelsen, Food Addit. Contam. 19(Suppl), 172–177 (2002)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. N.A. Ismail, K.A.M. Amin, F.A.A. Majid, M.H. Razali, Mater. Sci. Eng., C 103, 109770 (2019)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. H. Lee, B. Rukmanikrishnan, J. Lee, Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 141, 538–544 (2019)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. B. Rukmanikrishnan, F.R.M. Ismail, R.K. Manoharan, S.S. Kim, J. Lee, Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 148, 1182–1189 (2020)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. N.L. García, M. Lamanna, N. D’Accorso, A. Dufresne, M. Aranguren, S. Goyanes, Polym. Degrad. Stab. 97, 2021–2026 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  50. Z. Yin, J. Zeng, C. Wang, Z. Pan, Int J Polym Sci 2015, 454708 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  51. L. Broers, S. Dongen, V. Goederen, M. Ton, J. Spaen, C. Boeriu, K. Schroën, (2018)

  52. N. Herrera, A.M. Salaberria, A.P. Mathew, K. Oksman, Compos. A Appl. Sci. Manuf. 83, 89–97 (2016)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. A.M. Salaberria, H.D. R, M.A. Andrés, S.C.M. Fernandes, J. Labidi, Materials (Basel, Switzerland), 10 (2017)

  54. L. Wang, J. Qiu, E. Sakai, X. Wei, Compos. A Appl. Sci. Manuf. 89, 18–25 (2016)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. R. Scaffaro, L. Botta, F. Lopresti, A. Maio, F. Sutera, Cellulose, 24 (2017)

  56. H. Ren, Z. Xu, C. Du, Z. Ling, W. Yang, L. Pan, Y. Tian, W. Fan, Y. Zheng, Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 242, 124938 (2023)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  57. A.A. Oun, J.-W. Rhim, Carbohyd. Polym. 150, 187–200 (2016)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. B. Arredondo-Tamayo, J.V. Méndez-Méndez, J.J. Chanona-Pérez, J.D. Hernández-Varela, L. González-Victoriano, S.D. Gallegos-Cerda, E. Martínez-Mercado, Food Struct. 34, 100297 (2022)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. J. Liu, N.A. Ismail, M. Yusoff, M.H. Razali, Bioinorg. Chem. Appl. 2022, 3158404 (2022)

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  60. M. Elsawy, G. Saad, A. Sayed, Polym Eng Sci 56 (2016)

  61. N. Hijazi, N. Le Moigne, E. Rodier, M. Sauceau, T. Vincent, J.-C. Benezet, J. Fages 59, E350–E360 (2019)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. T. Rattanawongwiboon, K. Haema, W. Pasanphan, Radiat. Phys. Chem. 94, 205–210 (2014)

    Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. M. Piryaei, S. Azimi, Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 254, 127974 (2024)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  64. A.G. Cunha, A. Gandini, Cellulose 17, 1045–1065 (2010)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. I. Hamed, F. Özogul, J.M. Regenstein, Trends Food Sci. Technol. 48, 40–50 (2016)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  66. R.A. Khan, S. Salmieri, D. Dussault, J. Uribe-Calderon, M.R. Kamal, A. Safrany, M. Lacroix, J. Agric. Food Chem. 58, 7878–7885 (2010)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  67. R. Saberi Riseh, M. Vatankhah, M. Hassanisaadi, R.S. Varma, Int J Biol Macromol 260 (2024) 129522

  68. W.L. Du, Z.R. Xu, X.Y. Han, Y.L. Xu, Z.G. Miao, J. Hazard. Mater. 153, 152–156 (2008)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  69. L. Qi, Z. Xu, Colloids Surf., A 251, 183–190 (2004)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. M. Yanat, K. Schroën, Carbohyd. Polym. 312, 120789 (2023)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. M. Yanat, K. Schroën, React. Funct. Polym. 161, 104849 (2021)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. P. Calvo, C. Remuñán-López, J.L. Vila-Jato, M.J. Alonso, J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 63, 125–132 (1997)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  73. R. Jha, R.A. Mayanovic, in: Nanomaterials, 2023

  74. M. Yadav, K. Behera, Y.-H. Chang, F.-C. Chiu, in: Polymers, 2020

  75. M. Yadav, S. Ahmad, Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 79, 923–933 (2015)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  76. N. Noshirvani, B. Ghanbarzadeh, H. Fasihi, H. Almasi, Int J Food Eng 12 (2016)

  77. M. Kumaran, J. Test. Eval. 26, 83–88 (1998)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  78. R.A. Shapi’i, S.H. Othman, R.K. Basha, M.N. Naim, 11 (2022) 1464–1477

  79. J. Antoniou, F. Liu, H. Majeed, F. Zhong, Food Hydrocolloids 44, 309–319 (2015)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  80. N. Guo, G. Zhu, D. Chen, D. Wang, F. Zhang, Z. Zhang, J. Food Sci. 85, 1799–1804 (2020)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  81. A.B. Perumal, P.S. Sellamuthu, R.B. Nambiar, E.R. Sadiku, Appl. Surf. Sci. 449, 591–602 (2018)

    Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar 

  82. I. Shahabi-Ghahfarrokhi, F. Khodaiyan, M. Mousavi, H. Yousefi, Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 77, 85–91 (2015)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  83. N.E.-A. El-Naggar, A.M. Shiha, H. Mahrous, A.B.A. Mohammed, Sci. Rep. 12, 19869 (2022)

    Article  ADS  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  84. M. Ghannadnia, I. Rasaee, Nanomed. J 3, 240–247 (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  85. C Liu S Jiang S Zhang T Xi Q Sun L Xiong 2016 68 239 248

  86. C.D. Doyle, Anal. Chem. 33, 77–79 (1961)

  87. S.H. Othman, N.R.A. Kechik, R.A. Shapi’i, R.A. Talib, I.S.M.A. Tawakkal J Nanomater 2019 (2019) 3843949

  88. Ö. Mergen, E. Arda, Synthetic Metals, (2020)

  89. A.C. Nwanya, C. Chigbo, S.C. Ezugwu, R.U. Osuji, M. Malik, F.I. Ezema, J Assoc Arab Univ Basic Appl Sci 20, 49–54 (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  90. S. Joseph, J. Agumba, F. Keheze, G. Katana 7, 8–19 (2019)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  91. C.P.P. Wong, C.W. Lai, K.M. Lee, S.B.A. Hamid, Materials (Basel, Switzerland) 8 (2015) 7118–7128

  92. N.I.M. Fauzi, Y.W. Fen, N.A.S. Omar, S. Saleviter, W.M.E.M.M. Daniyal, H.S. Hashim, M. Nasrullah 12 (2020) 1497

  93. A.J. Deotale, R.V. Nandedkar, Mater Today Proc 3, 2069–2076 (2016)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  94. H.M. Shanshool, M. Yahaya, W.M.M. Yunus, I.Y. Abdullah, J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Electron. 27, 9804–9811 (2016)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  95. B.M. Trinh, B.P. Chang, T.H. Mekonnen, Prog. Mater Sci. 133, 101071 (2023)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  96. A.S. Spatafora Salazar, P.A. Sáenz Cavazos, H. Mújica Paz, A. Valdez Fragoso J Food Eng 245 (2019) 73–79

  97. H. Chi, J. Xue, C. Zhang, H. Chen, L. Li, Y. Qin 10, 1011 (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  98. E.-S. Khater, A. Bahnasawy, B.A. Gabal, W. Abbas, O. Morsy, Sci. Rep. 13, 5063 (2023)

    Article  ADS  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  99. E. Jamróz, P. Kulawik, P. Kopel, Polymers (Basel) 11 (2019)

  100. S. Shankar, J.-W. Rhim, Food Hydrocolloids 71, 76–84 (2017)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  101. B. Rukmanikrishnan, S. Ramalingam, S.K. Rajasekharan, J. Lee, J. Lee, Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 153, 55–62 (2020)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  102. B. Rukmanikrishnan, C. Jo, S. Choi, S. Ramalingam, J. Lee, ACS Omega 5, 28767–28775 (2020)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  103. D. Dehnad, Z. Emam-Djomeh, H. Mirzaei, S.M. Jafari, S. Dadashi, Carbohyd. Polym. 105, 222–228 (2014)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  104. M.Y. Khalid, Z.U. Arif, Food Packag. Shelf Life 33, 100892 (2022)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  105. L. Pinto, M.A. Bonifacio, E. De Giglio, E. Santovito, S. Cometa, A. Bevilacqua, F. Baruzzi, Food Packag. Shelf Life 28, 100676 (2021)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  106. H. Mao, C. Wei, Y. Gong, S. Wang, W. Ding 11, 166 (2019)

    Google Scholar 

  107. M.P. Criado, C. Fraschini, S. Salmieri, D. Becher, Á. Sáfrány, M. Lacroix, Ind. Biotechnol. 11, 59–68 (2015)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  108. T. Huq, S. Salmieri, A. Khan, R.A. Khan, C. Le Tien, B. Riedl, C. Fraschini, J. Bouchard, J. Uribe-Calderon, M.R.J.C.p. Kamal 90 (2012) 1757–1763

  109. M.R. de Moura, M.V. Lorevice, L.H. Mattoso, V. Zucolotto, J. Food Sci. 76, N25-29 (2011)

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  110. Z. Mohebian, L. Yavari Maroufi, M. Ghorbani, New J Chem 45 (2021) 13814–13821

  111. J. Gómez-Estaca, M.C. Gómez-Guillén, F. Fernández-Martín, P. Montero, Food Hydrocolloids 25, 1461–1469 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors are thankful to CAFMC, Veer Bahadur Singh Purvanchal University, Jaunpur, UP, India, for providing the various characterization facilities.

Funding

The Centre of Excellence, Department of Higher Education, Lucknow, UP, India (Grant No. 78/2022/1984/70–4-2022–003-70–4099/7/022, Date: August 24, 2022), and UPCST, Department of Science and Technology, Govt. of U.P., India (Grant No. CST/CHEM/D-1114, Date: August 25, 2022), provided research grant to Mithilesh Yadav. The UGC, New Delhi, India, provided the UGC-BSR start-up grant (Letter No.F.30–573/2021(BSR)) to Dr. Mithilesh Yadav.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, Prof. Rajendra Singh (Rajju Bhaiya, Institute of Physical Sciences for Study and Research, Veer Bahadur Singh Purvanchal University, Jaunpur, U.P, India, 222003

    Anil Kumar Maurya, Mithilesh Yadav, Priyanka Maurya & Anam Fatima

  2. Department of Chemistry, IIT, Guwahati, Assam, India, 781039

    Deepak Yadav

Authors
  1. Anil Kumar Maurya
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Mithilesh Yadav
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Priyanka Maurya
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Anam Fatima
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Deepak Yadav
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection, and analysis were performed by Anil Kumar Maurya. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Mithilesh Yadav along with Priyanka Maurya, and the introduction section was written by Deepak Yadav along with Anam Fatima. All authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Mithilesh Yadav.

Ethics declarations

Competing interests

The authors declare no competing interests.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Maurya, A.K., Yadav, M., Maurya, P. et al. UV-resistant gellan gum film reinforced with chitosan nanoparticle for eco-friendly packaging. emergent mater. (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42247-024-00674-5

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42247-024-00674-5

Keywords

Search

Navigation