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Modern Benthic Foraminiferal Diversity Along the Fjords of Svalbard Archipelago: Diversity Evaluation

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Abstract

The diversity of benthic Foraminifera in the High Arctic Fjords of the Svalbard archipelago and adjacent ridges in the Fram Strait has been evaluated by reviewing all the available literature published since 1984. In the western part of the Svalbard archipelago, the documentation of foraminiferal species is relatively good when compared with the eastern side. In total, 324 modern foraminiferal species belonging to 141 genera and 68 families have been reported from the fjords of Svalbard. Among them, 111 species are agglutinated, 198 are calcareous and 15 have proteinaceous tests. In addition, 116 species belonging to 76 genera and 45 families are documented from the ridges of Fram Strait with 39 exclusive species. Based on these studies, Svalbard fjords are divided into four geographical regions: South West Fjords (SWF; 208 species), North West Fjords (NWF; 196 species), South East Fjords (SEF; 112 species), and North East Fjords (NEF; 96 species). The regions are then compared with the dataset from the ridges of Fram Strait (RDG; 116 species). Based on the Bray-Curtis similarity analysis, all four regions of the Svalbard archipelago are grouped into a single cluster with the highest similarity (69.4%) between SWF and NWF and overall similarity of 44.6%, compared with 36.5% between Svalbard fjords combined and the RDG. The Kulczynski-2 similarity and βw diversity indices also confirmed the uniqueness of western Svalbard fjord. This could be mainly due to the influence of the warm Atlantic water masses on this region. The objective of this work is to review the distribution and diversity of benthic foraminiferal species in the Svalbard archipelago and forms the baseline for understanding the foraminiferal diversity and assemblage composition around the Svalbard Archipelago on a single stretch against which future changes in this area can be assessed and could contribute to the formulation of conservation plans for this region in the context of global climate change.

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Fig. 1

Modified from Mikko Vihtakari (2020)

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Data Availability

All data generated or analysed during this study are included in this published article [and its supplementary information files].

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Acknowledgements

The first author is thankful to the Head, Department of Marine Biology, Microbiology and Biochemistry, Cochin University of Science and Technology (CUSAT), for providing necessary permission and facilities for this study. The authors of CUSAT are also thankful to the National Centre for Polar and Ocean Research (NCPOR), Goa, India, for providing necessary arrangements for the sample collection from Kongsfjord and Krossfjord. The authors are grateful to Prof. (Dr). Andrew Gooday, Emeritus Fellow, National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, UK and Fabrizio Frontalini Dipartimento di Scienze Pure e Applicate, Università di Urbino, 61029 Urbino, Italy for their scientific comments, suggestions and enhancing the language of the manuscript, which greatly improved this paper.

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This study was funded by the Cochin University of Science and Technology (CUSAT).

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  1. Department of Marine Biology, Microbiology & Biochemistry, School of Marine Sciences, Cochin University of Science & Technology, Fine Arts Avenue, Cochin, Kerala, 682016, India

    M. Jima, P. R. Jayachandran & S. Bijoy Nandan

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MJ, PRJ & SBN conceived and designed research. MJ and PRJ analysed and wrote the manuscript with the supervision of SBN. All the authors read and approved the manuscript.

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Correspondence to S. Bijoy Nandan.

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Jima, M., Jayachandran, P.R. & Bijoy Nandan, S. Modern Benthic Foraminiferal Diversity Along the Fjords of Svalbard Archipelago: Diversity Evaluation. Thalassas 38, 647–664 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41208-021-00356-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s41208-021-00356-7

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