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Removal of Aqueous Pb2+ on Partially esterified Cellulose Obtained by Almond Shell Dissolution Using Deep Eutectic Solvent

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Abstract

Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) was isolated from the almond shell after its pretreatment with an acidic deep eutectic solvent (DES) of choline chloride/oxalic acid under microwave irradiation. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis showed that the spectrum of the isolated (MCC) includes an additional peak at 1747.0 cm−1 which refers to the (C=O) esters and carboxylic peak. This indicates that the MCC surface has undergone simultaneous partial esterification during the isolation process. Owing to its favorable structural and morphological properties, the isolated MCC was successfully employed for the adsorption of aqueous Pb2+ ions with (50 mg/g) efficiency using a 3.0 g/L adsorbent dose at pH (6.5) and 20 °C. The adsorption was spontaneous near the ambient temperature, pH dependent, and exothermic. The Coulomb forces are the foremost adsorption driving force. The reusing of the spent DES and adsorbent for four successive rounds, affirmed their applicability on industrial scales.

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Data Availability

The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are appreciative of the financial support they received from the University of Raparin and Salahaddin University-Erbil.

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  1. Chemistry Department, College of Education, University of Salahaddin-Erbil, Erbil, Iraq

    Salah Kamal Omer & Nabil Adil Fakhre

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  1. Salah Kamal Omer
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The experimental works, data collection, data analysis, and writing of the first draft of the manuscript were performed by SKO. NAF revised and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Salah Kamal Omer.

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Omer, S.K., Fakhre, N.A. Removal of Aqueous Pb2+ on Partially esterified Cellulose Obtained by Almond Shell Dissolution Using Deep Eutectic Solvent. Iran J Sci 47, 749–764 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40995-023-01419-5

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