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Fungicide sensitivity of isolates of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum from different hosts and regions in Brazil and phenotypic instability of thiophanate-methyl resistant isolates

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Abstract

Fungicide application is the most widely adopted method to control white mold epidemics in several crops. The objectives of this study were to assess the sensitivity to thiophanate-methyl (TM), fluazinam and procymidone of 238 Sclerotinia sclerotiorum isolates collected during 2014 to 2017 from soybean (n = 77 isolates), dry bean (49), cotton (28), tomato (22), sunflower (17), and other (45) hosts, in different regions in Brazil; to investigate any mutation in the genome of resistant isolates; and to assess the phenotypic stability of resistant isolates. Fungicide sensitivity was assessed using discriminatory doses for TM (5 µg/mL), fluazinam (0.05 µg/mL), and procymidone (0.5 µg/mL). Compared to the controls, the mycelial growth inhibition of the sensitive isolates by fluazinam, procymidone, and TM varied from 76 to 94%; 68 to 96%; and 67 to 98%, respectively. There was no evidence of resistance to fluazinam or procymidone, but 13 isolates from dry bean fields were resistant to TM, all had a mutation at codon 240 (L240F) of the β-tubulin gene. The phenotypic stability of TM resistant isolates was evaluated during and after 10 transfers in culture medium without fungicide. The mycelial growth rate of six TM-resistant isolates reduced with successive transfers, but there was no reversion to a sensitive phenotype. Resistant isolates to TM were more frequently observed in the northwestern region of Minas Gerais state; and there is evidence for altered growth pattern in vitro for resistant isolates. Management of resistant populations must employ fungicides with different modes of actions.

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All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this published article.

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Acknowledgments

Financial support from the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) and Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG). Thank Alan C. Vaz, Ivana J. Lucas, José Fernando J. Grigolli, Jaqueline K. Yamada, Marcelo José de Paula, Nédio R. Tormen, Nelson D. Suassuna, Patricia F. Kreyci, Valdir Lourenço Junior and others for providing Sclerotinia sclerotiorum samples.

Funding

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico,306695/2018-9,Trazilbo Júnior ,Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais,PPM 00366-17,Trazilbo Júnior

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departamento de Fitopatologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, MG, Brasil

    Rhaphael A. Silva, Miller S. Lehner & Eduardo S. G. Mizubuti

  2. Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecuária de Minas Gerais (EPAMIG), 36571-000, Viçosa, MG, Brasil

    Trazilbo J. Paula Júnior

Authors
  1. Rhaphael A. Silva
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  2. Miller S. Lehner
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  3. Trazilbo J. Paula Júnior
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  4. Eduardo S. G. Mizubuti
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Contributions

The authors Eduardo Mizubuti, Miller Lehner, and Rhaphael Silva planned the experiments. Rhaphael Silva performed the experiments, analyzed the data and drafted the manuscript. Miller Lehner and Trazilbo Paula Júnior, and Eduardo Mizubuti did critical revision of drafted manuscript.

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Correspondence to Eduardo S. G. Mizubuti.

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Silva, R.A., Lehner, M.S., Paula Júnior, T.J. et al. Fungicide sensitivity of isolates of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum from different hosts and regions in Brazil and phenotypic instability of thiophanate-methyl resistant isolates. Trop. plant pathol. 49, 93–103 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40858-023-00629-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40858-023-00629-x

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