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Burnout Among Service Providers for People Living with HIV: Factors Related to Coping and Resilience

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Abstract

Individuals who provide services for people living with HIV (PLWH) face numerous work-related challenges, including psychosocial and structural factors affecting the quality of care that they provide. Little is known about the factors that relate to burnout among service providers for PLWH. The current study seeks to examine the factors associated with burnout and the role of resilience and coping in the context of burnout. Via convenience sampling, data was collected from 28 professionals (e.g., peer counselors, HIV testers, case managers/case workers, group facilitators, or social workers) serving PLWH in the USA. Participants completed quantitative measures on sociodemographics, organizational factors, discrimination, trauma, depression, and burnout. A sub-sample of 19 participants provided in-depth qualitative data via semi-structured interviews on burnout, coping, and resilience as a buffer against the effects of burnout. Thematic content analysis revealed themes on the factors related to burnout (e.g., discrimination, limited financial and housing resources, and COVID-19), rejuvenating factors, coping with burnout, and intervention strategies. Additionally, Pearson’s product moment correlations revealed significant associations between mental health variables such as depressive and posttraumatic stress disorder symptomology with (a) discrimination and microaggressions and (b) burnout. The current study highlights challenges to providing HIV care, including structural barriers and discrimination that are doubly impactful to the professionals in this sample who share identities with the PLWH whom they serve. These findings may inform the development of an intervention targeting burnout among individuals providing services to PLWH and motivate change to remove structural barriers and improve quality of care for PLWH.

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Data Availability

Data supporting the findings of this study are unavailable due to ongoing work. Please contact the corresponding author [SD] with queries.

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Acknowledgements

The co-authors would like to express gratitude to the participants who gave their time and energy to participate in this study—without them, this research study would not exist. Thank you as well to the community stakeholders who played a key role in the recruitment, referrals, and engagement of women. I would also like to thank the Strengthening Health through INovation and Engagement (SHINE) research staff and volunteers who helped to facilitate the collection and analysis of this data. We express gratitude to the first author’s thesis committee—Dr. Deborah Jones-Weiss, Dr. Steven Safren, and Dr. Sannisha Dale (thesis chair and senior author)—who provided support, resources, feedback, and guidance from conceptualization to data analysis and interpretation.

Funding

This research was funded by Dr. Sannisha Dale’s start-up award from the University of Miami. Dr. Sannisha Dale was additionally funded by R56MH121194 and R01MH121194 from the National Institute of Mental Health.

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  1. Department of Psychology, University of Miami, 5665 Ponce de Leon Blvd, Miami, FL, 33146, USA

    Rachelle Reid, Aarti Madhu, Stephanie Gonzalez, Hannah Crosby, Michelle Stjuste & Sannisha K. Dale

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  1. Rachelle Reid
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Contributions

Rachelle Reid and Sannisha Dale contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation and data collection were performed by Rachelle Reid. Interview transcription and coding were performed by Rachelle Reid, Aarti Madhu, Stephanie Gonzalez, Hannah Crosby, and Michelle Stjuste. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Rachelle Reid with iterative feedback and edits by Sannisha Dale. Thereafter, all authors commented on versions of the manuscript and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Sannisha K. Dale.

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Ethics Approval

This study was performed in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki All study procedures and materials were approved by the Institutional review Board at the University of Miami (11/6/2020, No. 20201279).

Consent to Participate

Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

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Research participants have provided informed consent for the publication of the research findings in a peer-reviewed journal.

Competing Interests

Unrelated to the data in this manuscript, Dr. Dale is a co-investigator on a Merck & Co. funded project on “A Qualitative Study to Explore Biomedical HIV Prevention Preferences, Challenges and Facilitators among Diverse At-Risk Women Living in the United States” and has served as a workgroup consultant on engaging people living with HIV for Gilead Sciences, Inc. All other authors declare that they do not have relevant financial, non-financial interests nor competing interests to disclose.

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Reid, R., Madhu, A., Gonzalez, S. et al. Burnout Among Service Providers for People Living with HIV: Factors Related to Coping and Resilience. J. Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40615-023-01784-2

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