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Spatial trends of surface urban heat island in Bathinda: a semiarid city of northwestern India

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Abstract

The rising global temperature coupled with the urban heat island has considerable adverse impacts on urban inhabitants and ecological integrity. An attempt has been made in the present study to monitor the surface urban heat island effect for the Bathinda District of Punjab, India. The surface urban heat island effect was monitored for the period of 5 years (2015–2019) using Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS data. The surface temperature distribution pattern was investigated by spatial extension and statistical analysis of land surface temperature dataset. The spatial autocorrelation among the data was analyzed using Moran’s Index and Getis-Ord Gi* statistics. Besides, the impact of land use land cover on land surface temperature was examined using correlation, covariance and multivariate analysis between land surface temperature and spectral indices. The results revealed that the vegetated and water surfaces accounted for low surface temperature (19.98–30.45 °C), while built-up areas with high temperature (26.47–44.01 °C) had amplified the heat island effect. The spatial autocorrelation with Moran’s Index (above 0.5) confirmed the spatial clustering with low p values (< 0.001) and high z values (> 2.58). Further, the hot spot analysis validated that the higher-temperature pixels lie in urban areas with dense infrastructure, while vegetated areas exhibit clusters with low-temperature values. Hence, the study inferred the occurrence of surface urban heat island with the urban heat island index of 0.7–1 for the urban cluster. The correlation between spectral indices and land surface temperature urges the need of adequate urban planning with vital urban greening, in order to achieve the urban sustainable development goals.

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Acknowledgements

The authors express their gratitude to the Remote Sensing and GIS Laboratory of Department of Environmental Science and Technology for carrying out the present study. The authors are greatly thankful to Dr. Prafulla Kr. Sahoo for his contribution and help in carrying out statistical analysis in the manuscript.

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  1. Department of Environmental Sciences and Technology, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, Punjab, 151401, India

    R. Kaur & P. Pandey

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  1. R. Kaur
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Ms. RK has carried out the experimental work and prepared the manuscript; Dr. PP has prepared the manuscript with RK and supervised the entire work.

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Correspondence to P. Pandey.

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The manuscript has not been submitted elsewhere for simultaneous consideration toward publication. The submitted work is original and has not been published elsewhere in any form or language. Also, the study has not been split up into several parts to increase the quantity of submissions.

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Editorial Responsibility: S.Hussain.

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Kaur, R., Pandey, P. Spatial trends of surface urban heat island in Bathinda: a semiarid city of northwestern India. Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol. 19, 10911–10932 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-021-03742-z

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