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Char properties and pollutant adsorption capability of oil palm shell using hydrothermal process

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Abstract

Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) for lignocellulosic biomass has many advantages in terms of environmentally friendly, non-toxic, and low energy use. The products produced from HTC process can be used for various materials such as chemicals, adsorbents, energy, and agriculture fertilizer. In this study, HTC process has been done by using the oil palm shell (OPS). The purposes of this study were to evaluate the characteristics of the hydrochar, as well as to determine the effect of temperature and processing time on hydrochar properties resulting from the HTC process. The process was carried out using a temperature of 200 °C, 225 °C, and 250 °C, with a processing time of 4, 6, and 8 h. The ratio of biomass to water was 15:100 based on weight. The characterization that performed on the hydrochar and its raw OPS were elemental analysis, proximate analysis, Brunauer Emmett and Teller (BET), fourier transform infrared (FTIR), pyrolysis–gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy (Pyr–GC–MS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The determination of iodine number test, methylene blue number test, and some pollutants adsorption tests were also performed to characterize the product. The results showed that the surface area, fixed carbon, and carbon content of hydrochars were increased as compared with the raw OPS. The structure of hydrochar also differs with raw OPS structure based on XRD analysis. The hydrochar that produced by the temperature of 225 °C for 8 h selected as the best properties based on the determination of iodine, some gaseous pollutant adsorption, and surface area of materials.

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Funding

This research is financially supported by The Postgraduate Scholarship Program of Ministry of Research, Technology and Higher Education of the Republic of Indonesia.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Forest Products Department, Faculty of Forestry, Bogor Agricultural University, Kampus IPB Dramaga, Bogor, Indonesia

    Ismail Budiman, Dede Hermawan & Fauzi Febrianto

  2. Research Center for Biomaterials LIPI, Jl Raya Bogor km 46 Cibinong, Bogor, Indonesia

    Ismail Budiman &  Subyakto

  3. Forest Products Research and Development Center, Jl. Gunung Batu, Bogor, Indonesia

    Gustan Pari

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  1. Ismail Budiman
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  2. Dede Hermawan
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  3. Fauzi Febrianto
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  4. Gustan Pari
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  5. Subyakto
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All authors contributed equally to this work and discussed the results and implications and commented on the manuscript at all stages.

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Correspondence to Dede Hermawan.

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Budiman, I., Hermawan, D., Febrianto, F. et al. Char properties and pollutant adsorption capability of oil palm shell using hydrothermal process. Biomass Conv. Bioref. 9, 681–688 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-019-00394-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-019-00394-5

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