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Effects of barley intake on glycemic control in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus undergoing antidiabetic therapy: a prospective study

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Abstract

Background

Barley reportedly reduces postprandial hyperglycemia in healthy individuals. However, its effects in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) undergoing antidiabetic therapy remains unclear. This study aimed to clarify the effects of barley intake on postprandial hyperglycemia in T2DM patients who use metformin or acarbose.

Methods

T2DM patients who were undergoing dietary therapy without medications (naive), with metformin, or with acarbose (n = 10/group) were recruited. They were instructed to eat white rice twice per day for 5 days, followed by barley-mixed rice twice per day for 6 or 7 days. Subsequently, blood glucose fluctuations in the interstitial fluid glucose were measured using a continuous glucose monitoring device. Meal tolerance tests were performed using test diets containing white rice and barley-mixed rice before and after the trial, respectively.

Results

Postprandial hyperglycemia was lower in patients taking barley-mixed rice than in those taking white rice in each group. However, the AUC of blood glucose concentration in the acarbose-treated patients showed only a trend. Mean amplitude of glycemic excursions (MAGEs) decreased in patients who consumed barley-mixed rice. Additionally, although MAGEs in the naive decreased, it did not in the metformin- (P = 0.098) and acarbose-treated (P = 0.29) patients.

Conclusion

Barley-mixed rice lowers postprandial glucose concentrations in treatment-naive and metformin-treated T2DM patients, and shows a trend in acarbose-treated patients. Therefore, using barley-containing diets as dietary therapy may be useful in improving glycemic control in diabetes patients.

Trial registration

UMIN000028623.

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Data availability

Supplemental materials are available from the Online Supplemental Material. Data described in the manuscript, code book, and analytic code will be made available after approval of our request.

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Acknowledgements

We would like to thank Dr. Hidekazu Maejima of Nagano Agricultural Experiment station, and Yoshiaki Okamoto and Fumitaka Kikuchi of JA Kamiyotsuba Radfa for providing us with the test foods. We would also like to thank the support staff at Naka Kinen Clinic. This study was funded by Hakubaku Co. Ltd.

Author information

Author notes

  1. Takeshi Osonoi and Tsubasa Matsuoka have contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Naka Kinen Clinic, Naka, Ibaraki, Japan

    Takeshi Osonoi, Kensuke Ofuchi & Makoto Katoh

  2. Research and Development Department, Hakubaku Co. Ltd., Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan

    Tsubasa Matsuoka & Toshiki Kobayashi

  3. Laboratory of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Department of Local Produce and Food Sciences, Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Yamanashi, 4-4-37 Takeda, Kofu, Yamanashi, 400-8510, Japan

    Kazuki Mochizuki

Authors
  1. Takeshi Osonoi
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  2. Tsubasa Matsuoka
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  3. Kensuke Ofuchi
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  4. Makoto Katoh
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  5. Toshiki Kobayashi
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  6. Kazuki Mochizuki
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Contributions

TO, TM, KO, TK, and KM conceived and designed the research. TO and KO collected samples. TM and KM performed the statistical analysis. TO, TM, MK, TK, and KM interpreted the data. TO, TM, and KM prepared the manuscript. All the authors reviewed the final manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Kazuki Mochizuki.

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Conflict of interest

TM and TK are employees of Hakubaku Co. Ltd. The remaining authors declare no conflict of interest.

Ethics approval

This study was conducted according to the guidelines laid down in the Declaration of Helsinki, and all procedures involving human participants were approved by the Ethics Review Committee of the Naka Kinen Clinic (Approval No. HB-01, 2017/7/25); the protocol was registered at the University hospital Medical Information Network Centre clinical trial registry (Registry No. UMIN000028623, 2017/8/10). All the participants provided their informed consent prior to their inclusion in the study.

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Osonoi, T., Matsuoka, T., Ofuchi, K. et al. Effects of barley intake on glycemic control in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus undergoing antidiabetic therapy: a prospective study. Diabetol Int 13, 387–395 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13340-021-00552-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13340-021-00552-z

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