Abstract
The grain size distribution of bulk sediment samples was decomposed in a core to reconstruct paleoceanographic evolution over the past 60 ka in the northern Norwegian Sea. The results show that sediments consisted of 3–4 grain populations derived from the North Atlantic Current (NAC) and Barents Ice Sheet (BIS). The grain size data suggest three palaeoceanographic evolution stages: (1) an environment affected by BIS and NAC and changed with the interstadial/stadial transition in phase with the Greenland ice-core record at 60–31 ka BP, during which discharge of icebergs and the content of the coarsest population containing ice-rafted debris (IRD) in the sediments increased significantly during stadial, while the fine silt population containing volcanic glasses increased with the enhancement of NAC during the interstadial; (2) an extreme environment controlled by BIS at 31–13 ka BP. BIS reached to its maximum at about 31 ka BP and the turbid plumes that formed at the leading edge of BIS contributed to a significant increase in the clayey population in sediments. Icebergs drained into the northern Norwegian Sea with periodical calving of the BIS at 31–19 ka BP. Subsequently, the ablation of the BIS discharged massive floods with clayey sediments and icebergs into the Norwegian Sea at 19–13 ka BP, resulting in a constant increase in clay and IRD in sediments; and (3) a marine environment similar to the present one under the strong influence of NAC following the complete melting of the BIS after 13 ka BP, NAC is the dominant transport agent and no IRD occurred in sediments. The fine silt populations containing volcanic glasses transported by NAC significantly increased.
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Acknowledgements
We are grateful to Jule Xiao and Xiaoguang Qin for providing grain-size analysis software and guidance, and two anonymous reviewers for their valuable suggestions which have improved the manuscript. We also thank all the crew members of the 5th Chinese Arctic Research Expedition (CHINARE) and all the scientific research team members in charge of geological sampling.
Funding
Foundation item: The Basic Scientific Research Operation Fee of the Third Institute of Oceanography, the Ministry of Natural Resources under contract No. 2018006; the project of the Chinese Arctic and Antarctic Administration of the State Oceanic Administration under contract No. CHINARE2016-03-02; the Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation under contract No. ZR2019BD054.
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Wang, W., Zhao, M., Liu, Y. et al. Evolution of the North Atlantic Current and Barents Ice Sheet as revealed by grain size populations in the northern Norwegian Sea during the last 60 ka. Acta Oceanol. Sin. 40, 106–117 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13131-021-1848-5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13131-021-1848-5