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Nanotechnology-Based Delivery of Genistein to Overcome Physicochemical Hindrance and Enhance Therapeutic Response in Skin Cancer

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Abstract

Genistein is typical soy isoflavone, having cytotoxic potential toward different types of cancer cells. The success of the delivery of genistein for therapeutic application is restricted due to its physicochemical characteristics. Genistein is a strong acidic drug and their pKa is 7.03 with a molecular weight of 270.241 g/mol. Genistein is having a limited solubility in water about 0.9 μg/ml categorized as slightly soluble in aqueous media. On other hand, its lipophilicity is very high. Its octanol-water partition coefficient is about log P 3.04. A high intestinal and hepatobiliary metabolism of genistein further makes hindrance to achieve desired bioavailability post systemic administration. This problem is handled by a nanotechnological approach easily and gets successful in various aspects. These innovative approaches provide targeted delivery of drugs to various tissues and involve treating large numbers of cancer such as skin, lung, brain, cervical, colon, breast, and leukaemia. The present review provides detailed information about the prospects of nanoparticles, vesicle carriers, disperse liquid crystals, and capsuled systems developed by nanotechnological approach to combat the traditional delivery challenge of this anti-cancer drug in success for skin cancer. Rather than overcoming the delivery challenge, this novel delivery system also enhances the therapeutic response by various means.

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Abbreviations

AKT:

Protein kinase B

BCC:

Basal cell carcinoma

CPPs:

Cell-penetrating peptides

EGFR:

Epidermal growth factor receptor

EPR:

Enhanced permeability retention effect

ERP:

Effective refractory period

MAPK:

Mitogen-activated protein kinase

PLA:

Poly DL-lactic acid

PLGA:

Poly lactic acid co-glycolic acid

PEGSiHNM:

Polyethylene glycol silica hybrid nano materials

SCC:

Squamous cell carcinoma

TTPs:

Tumor-targeting peptides

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  1. Sri Rawatpura Sarkar College of Pharmacy, Sri Rawatpura Sarkar University, Raipur, India

    Rachana R. Yeligar

  2. Department of Pharmacy, Government Girls Polytechnic, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India

    Khomendra Kumar Sarwa

  3. Faculty of Pharmacy, M J College, Kohka Road, Bhilai, Chhattisgarh, India

    Manisha Chandrakar

  4. Sri Balaji College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sakti, Chhattisgarh, India

    Manmohan Singh Jangde

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Rachana R. Yeligar conceptualized the project and gave technical inputs in conducting the study and preparing the predraft manuscript plan. Khomendra Kumar Sarwa and Manmohan Singh Jangde edited the manuscript. Manisha Chandrakar gave technical inputs in drafting and substantively revised the manuscript.

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Yeligar, R.R., Sarwa, K.K., Chandrakar, M. et al. Nanotechnology-Based Delivery of Genistein to Overcome Physicochemical Hindrance and Enhance Therapeutic Response in Skin Cancer. BioNanoSci. 13, 1339–1358 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12668-023-01118-w

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