Abstract
High-entropy alloys (HEAs) have attracted many researchers in the last few decades due to their remarkable properties like high strength, hardness, corrosion resistance, good formability, etc. The present review is based on the mechanical properties of HEAs, as it is important to know the relevant properties of any alloy before selecting it for any application. This review accentuates on the factors affecting the mechanical properties (tensile strength, compressive strength, hardness) of HEAs such as alloying elements, phases and heat treatment. Moreover, it is also endeavored to unfold research gaps pertinent to this domain. Consequently, it is deduced that there is very limited volume of literatures in the fields of vibration, hot tensile and creep incorporating potential alloying elements such as zinc and boron with HEAs. Also, there is scarcity of literature on determination of tensile properties of HEAs. Further, HEAs can be strengthened by implementing potential strengthening mechanisms like oxide dispersion strengthening.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Chen W, Fu Z, Fang S, Xiao H, and Zhu D, Mater Design 51 (2013) 854. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2013.04.061.
Sinha A K, Soni V K, Chandrakar R, and Kumar A, Trans Indian Inst Metals 74 (2021) 2953. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12666-021-02363-x.
Guo S, Ng C, Lu J,and Liu CT J Appl Phys 103505 (2011) 109. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3587228.
Soni V K, Sanyal S, Rao K R, and Sinha S K, Proceed Inst Mech Eng Part C: J Mech Eng ScI 235 (2021) 6268. https://doi.org/10.1177/09544062211008935.
Chen S,Tong Y, and Liaw P K, Entropy (2018). https://doi.org/10.3390/e20120937.
Bashev V F and Kushnerov O I, Phys Metals Metallogr 115 (2014) 737. https://doi.org/10.1134/S0031918X14040024.
Yang X and Zhang Y, Mater Chem Phys (2012). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchemphys.2011.11.021.
Yeh J W, Chen S K, Lin S J, Gan J Y, Chin T S, Shun T T, Tsau C H, and Chang S Y Adv Eng Mater (2004) https://doi.org/10.1002/adem.200300567.
Yeh J W, JOM (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-013-0761-6.
King D J M, Middleburgh S C, McGregor A G , and Cortie M B, Acta Materialia 104 (2016) 172. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2015.11.040.
Hunn W P, and Widom M, JOM (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-013-0772-3.
Juan C C, Hsu C Y, Tsai C W, Wang W R, Sheu T S, Yeh J W, and Chen S K Intermetallics (2013) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intermet.2012.09.008.
Liu L, Zhu J B, Li L, Li J C, and Jiang Q, Mater Design (2013). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2012.08.019.
Ma S G, and Zhang Y, Mater Sci Eng A (2012). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2011.10.110.
Wang X F, Zhang Y, Qiao Y, and Chen G L, Intermetallics (Barking) (2007). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intermet.2006.08.005.
Hsu C Y, Juan C C, Sheu T S, Chen S K, and Yeh J W, JOM (2013) https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-013-0753-6.
Salishchev G A, Tikhonovsky M A, Shaysultanov D G, Stepanov N D, Kuznetsov A V, Kolodiy I V, Tortika A S, and Senkov O N J Alloys Compd (2014) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2013.12.210.
Tang Z, Gao M C, Diao H, Yang T, Liu J, Zuo T, Zhang Y, Lu Z, Cheng Y, Zhang Y, and Dahmen K A, JOM (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-013-0776-z.
Guo S, Ng C, and Liu C T, J Alloys Compd (2013). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2013.01.007.
Kao Y F, Chen T J, Chen S K, and Yeh J W, J Alloys Compd (2009). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2009.08.090.
Fan Q C, Li B S , and Zhang Y, J Alloys Compd 614 (2014) 203. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2014.06.090.
Yurchenko N Y, Stepanov N D, Shaysultanov D G, Tikhonovsky M A , and Salishchev G A, Mater Charact (2016). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchar.2016.09.039.
Zhu Z G, Ma K H, Wang Q, and Shek C H, Intermetallics (Barking) 79 (2016) 1. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intermet.2016.09.003.
Stepanov N D, Shaysultanov D G, Salishchev G A, Tikhonovsky M A, Oleynik E E, Tortika A S, and Senkov O N J Alloys Compd (2015). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2014.12.157.
Li B S, Wang Y P, Ren M X, Yang C, and Fu H Z, Mater Sci Eng A (2008). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2008.08.025.
Fu Z, Chen W, Chen Z, Wen H, and Lavernia E J, Mater Sci Eng A (2014). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2014.09.077.
Liu W H, He J Y, Huang H L, Wang H, Lu Z P, and Liu C T, Intermetallics (Barking) (2015). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intermet.2015.01.004.
Fan Q C, Li B S, and Zhang Y, Mater Sci Eng A (2014). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2014.01.044.
Zhu J M, Zhang H F, Fu H M, Wang A M, Li H, and Hu Z Q, J Alloys Compd (2010) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2010.03.074.
Zhu J M , Fu H M, Zhang H F, Wang A M, Li H, and Hu Z Q, J Alloys Compd (2011). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2010.10.047.
Zhu J M, Fu H M, Zhang H F, Wang A M, Li H , and Hu Z Q , Mater Sci Eng A (2010). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2010.07.049.
Kumar V, Sanyal S, and Sinha S K, Vacuum 174 (2020) 109173. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vacuum.2020.109173.
Liu L, Zhu J B, Zhang C, Li J C, and Jiang Q, Mater Sci Eng A 548 (2012) 64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2012.03.080.
Li R, Zhang W, Zhang Y, and Liaw P K, Mater Sci Eng A 725 (2018) 138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2018.04.007.
Zhang L J, Zhang M D, Zhou Z, Fan J T, Cui P, Yu P F, Jing Q, Ma M Z, Liaw P K, Li G, and Liu R P, Mater Sci Eng A 725 (2018) 437. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2018.04.058.
Shun T, Chang L, and Shiu M, Mater Charact 70 (2012) 63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchar.2012.05.005.
Salishchev G A,Tikhonovsky M A, Shaysultanov D G, Stepanov N D, Kuznetsov A V, Kolodiy I V,Tortika A S, and kov O N J Alloys Compd 591 (2014) 11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2013.12.210.
Shun T T, Chang L Y, and Shiu M H, Mater Sci Eng A 556 (2012) 170. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2012.06.075.
Ai C, He F, Guo M, Zhou J, Wang Z, Yuan Z, Guo Y, Liu Y, and Liu L, J Alloys Compd 735 (2018) 2653. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2017.12.015.
Nagase T, Kakeshita T, Matsumura K, Nakazawa K, Furuya S, Ozoe N, and Yoshino K, Mater Design 184 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2019.108172.
He F, Wang Z, Cheng P, Wang Q, Li J, Dang Y, Wang J, and Liu CT, J Alloys Compd 656 (2016) 284. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2015.09.153.
Gu X Y, Dong Y N, Zhuang Y X, and Wang J, Metals Mater Int 26 (2020) 292. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12540-019-00328-w.
Jiang L, Cao Z Q, Jie J C, Zhang J J, Lu Y P, Wang T M, and Li T J, J Alloys Compd 649 (2015) 585. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2015.07.185.
Wu Y D, Cai Y H, Chen X H, Wang T, Si J J, Wang L, Wang Y D, and Hui X D, Mater Design 83 (2015) 651. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2015.06.072.
Jiang H, Jiang L, Qiao D, Lu Y, Wang T, Cao Z , and Li T , J Mater Sci Technol 33 (2017) 712. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2016.09.016.
Rogal Ł, Kalita D, Tarasek A, Bobrowski P, and Czerwinski F, J Alloys Compd (2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2017.02.274.
Wang F J and Zhang Y, Mater Sci Eng A (2008). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2008.05.020.
Lee C F and Shun T T, Mater Charact (2016). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchar.2016.02.018.
Moravcik I, Cizek J, Kovacova Z, Nejezchlebova J, Kitzmantel M, Neubauer E, Kubena I, Hornik V, and Dlouhy I, Materials Sci Eng A (2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2017.06.086.
Ge W, Wu B, Wang S, Xu S, Shang C, Zhang Z, and Wang Y, Adv Powder Technol (2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apt.2017.07.006.
Karpets M V , Myslyvchenko O M, Makarenko O S, Gorban V F and Krapivka M O, Powder Metall Metal Ceram 54 (2015) 344. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11106-015-9720-9.
You D, Yang G, Choa Y H, and Kim J K, Mater Sci Eng A 831(2022). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2021.142039.
Cao, Z H, Zhai G Y, Ma Y J, Ding, L P, Li P F, Liu H L, Lu H M, Cai Y P, Wang G J and Meng X K, Int J Plast 145 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijplas.2021.103081.
Nong Z, Zhu J, Yang X, Yu H, and Lai Z, J Wuhan Univ Technology-Mater. Sci. Ed., 28 (2013) 1196. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11595-013-0844-9.
Moravcik I, Cizek J, Gavendova P, Sheikh S, Guo S, and Dlouhy I, Mater Lett 174 (2016) 53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2016.03.077.
Jiang L, Lu Y, Wu W, Cao Z, and Li T, J Mater Sci Technol 32 (2016) 245. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2015.08.006.
Zhuang Y X, Xue H D, Chen Z Y, Hu Z Y, and He J C, Mater Sci Eng A 572 (2013) 30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2013.01.081.
Jiang L, Jiang H, Lu Y, Wang T, Cao Z, and Li T, J Mater Sci Technol 31 (2015) 397. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2014.09.011.
Niu S, Kou H, Guo T, Zhang Y, Wang J, and Li J, Mater Sci Eng A 671 (2016) 82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2016.06.040.
Sheng H F, Gong M, and Peng L M, Mater Sci Eng A 567 (2013) 14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2013.01.006.
Shaysultanov D G, Stepanov N D, Salishchev G A, and Tikhonovsky M A, Phys Metals Metallogr 118 (2017) 579. https://doi.org/10.1134/S0031918X17060084.
He F, Wang Z, Shang X, Leng C, Li J, and Wang J, Mater Design 104 (2016) 259. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2016.05.044.
Wang P, Wang Y, Cui F, Yang X, Pan A, and Wu W, J Alloys Compd 918 (2022) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2022.165602.
Munitz A, Salhov S, Guttmann G, Derimow N, and Nahmany M, Mater Sci Eng A 742 (2019) 1. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2018.10.114.
Acknowledgements
The authors are thankful to National Institute of Technology Raipur for providing platform for this research.
Funding
This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial or not-for-profit sectors.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Soni, V.K., Sinha, A.K. Effect of Alloying Elements, Phases and Heat Treatments on Properties of High-Entropy Alloys: A Review. Trans Indian Inst Met 76, 897–914 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12666-022-02777-1
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12666-022-02777-1