Abstract
To study the influence of freeze–thawing on the organic matter content of Loess Plateau soils, four typical soils of the region, namely, sandy soil, black loessial soil, yellow loamy soil, and cinnamon soil, were selected for this study. The indoor simulation test was used to study the change characteristics of organic matter content under the combined effects of freeze‒thaw cycles, soil water content, and depth. When the water content and depth were the same, the organic matter content of the different soil types showed an increasing trend with the increase in freeze‒thaw cycles, and the relationship between organic matter content and freeze‒thaw cycles could be expressed by a power function. In general, in sandy soil and black loessial soil, the water content at the highest soil organic matter content was 15% and 8%, respectively, under different freeze‒thaw cycles. However, in yellow loamy soil and cinnamon soil, on the whole, the water content was 20% when the organic matter content was the highest in the early stage, but when freeze‒thaw cycles was 15, the water content changed when the organic matter content was the highest to 16% and 8%, respectively. This study can provide some data support and reference for revealing the mechanism of freeze–thaw effect on soil organic matter content changes.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Bao YY et al (2020) Straw chemistry links the assembly of bacterial communities to decomposition in paddy soils. Soil Biol Biochem 148:107866. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2020.107866
Bu RY et al (2020) Tillage and straw-returning practices effect on soil dissolved organic matter, aggregate fraction and bacteria community under rice-rice-rapeseed rotation system. Agric Ecosyst Environ 287:106681. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2019.106681
Feng X et al (2007) Responses of soil organic matter and microorganisms to freeze–thaw cycles. Soil Biol Biochem 39(8):2027–2037. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2007.03.003
Fu Q et al (2019) Effects of biochar amendment on nitrogen mineralization in black soil with different moisture contents under freeze-thaw cycles. Geoderma 353:459–467. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2019.07.027
Gao M et al (2016) Influence of freeze-thaw process on soil physical, chemical and biological properties: a review. J Agro-Environ Sci 35(12):2269–2274. https://doi.org/10.11654/jaes.2016-1087
Gao DC et al (2021) Effects of in situ freeze-thaw cycles on winter soil respiration in mid-temperate plantation forests. Sci Total Environ 793:148567. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148567
Giagnoni L et al (2019) Long-term soil biological fertility, volatile organic compounds and chemical properties in a vineyard soil after biochar amendment. Geoderma 344:127–136. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2019.03.011
Han L et al (2018) Research progress on the effects of freezing and thawing on soil physical, chemical and biological properties. Chin J Soil Sci 49(3):736–742. https://doi.org/10.19336/j.cnki.trtb.2018.03.34
Han CL et al (2019) Responses of soil microorganisms, carbon and nitrogen to freeze thaw cycles in diverse land-use types. Appl Soil Ecol 124(6):211–217. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsoil.2017.11.012
Hu B, Siddique KHM et al (2012) Soil P availability, inorganic P fractions and yield effect in a calcareous soil with plastic-film-mulched spring wheat. Field Crop Res 137:221–229. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2012.08.014
Hu PL et al (2018) Effects of environmental factors on soil organic carbon under natural or managed vegetation restoration. Land Degrad Dev 29(3):387–397. https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.2876
Huang YZ et al (2022) Topsoil carbon sequestration of vegetation restoration on the Loess Plateau. Ecol Eng 177:106570. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2022.106570
Koponen HT et al (2006) Microbial communities, biomass, and activities in soils as affected by freeze thaw cycles. Soil Biol Biochem 38(7):1861–1871. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2005.12.010
Larsen KS et al (2002) Repeated freeze-thaw cycles and their effects on biological processes in two arctic ecosystem types. Appl Soil Ecol 21(3):187–195. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0929-1393(02)00093-8
Li ZY, Fan HY (2016) Impacts of climate change on water erosion: a review. Earth Sci Rev 163:94–117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2016.10.004
Li N et al (2015) Soil organic carbon and its relationship with enzyme during freezing-thawing-cycles in paddy soil. Environ Sci Technol 38(10):1–6. CNKI:SUN:FJKS.0.2015-10-001
Li JH et al (2019) Effects of fertilization and straw return methods on the soil carbon pool and CO2 emission in a reclaimed mine spoil in Shanxi Province, China. Soil till Res 195:104361. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2019.104361
Miura M et al (2020) Impact of a single freeze-thaw and dry-wet event on soil solutes and microbial metabolites. Appl Soil Ecol 153:103636. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsoil.2020.103636
Mnnist MK et al (2009) Effect of freeze-thaw cycles on bacterial communities of arctic tundra soil. Microb Ecol 58(3):621–631. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00248-009-9516-x
Mohanty S et al (2014) colloid-facilitated mobilization of metals by freezethaw cycles. Environ Sci Technol 48(2):977–984. https://doi.org/10.1021/es403698u
Pravalie R et al (2021) Global changes in soil organic carbon and implications for land degradation neutrality and climate stability. Environ Res 201:111580. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2021.111580
Qi J et al (2019) Improving hydrological simulation in the Upper Mississippi River Basin through enhanced freeze-thaw cycle representation. J Hydrol 571:605–618. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2019.02.020
Shen QS et al (2020) Responses of soil total phosphorus to freeze and thaw cycles in a Mollisol watershed. Geoderma 376:114571. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2020.114571
Sorensen PO et al (2018) Winter soil freeze-thaw cycles lead to reductions in soil microbial biomass and activity not compensated for by soil warming. Soil Biol Biochem 116:39–47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2017.09.026
Sun BY et al (2019) Research progress on the effects of freeze-thaw on soil physical and chemical properties and wind and water erosion. Chin J Appl Ecol 30(1):337–347. https://doi.org/10.13287/j.1001-9332.201901.019
Tassano M et al (2021) Spatial cross-correlation between physicochemical and microbiological variables at superficial soil with different levels of degradation. CATENA 198(1):105000. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2020.105000
Wang HH et al (2019) Straw incorporation influences soil organic carbon sequestration, greenhouse gas emission, and crop yields in a Chinese rice (Oryza sativa L.) –wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cropping system. Soil till Res 195:104377. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2019.104377
Wang HX et al (2019) Effects of long-term application of organic fertilizer on improving organic matter content and retarding acidity in red soil from China. Soil till Res 195:104382. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2019.104382
Wang L et al (2020) The effects of freeze-thaw cycles at different initial soil water contents on soil erodibility in Chinese Mollisol region. CATENA 193:104615. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2020.104615
Wei X et al (2019) The impact of freeze–thaw cycles and soil moisture content at freezing on runoff and soil loss. Land Degrad Dev 30(5):515–523. https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.3243
Wu J et al (2013) Decomposition characteristics of wheat straw and effects on soil biological properties and nutrient status under different rice cultivation. Acta Ecol Sin 33(2):0565–0575. https://doi.org/10.5846/stxb201111201769
Xiao L et al (2019) Effects of freeze-thaw cycles on aggregate-associated organic carbon and glomalin-related soil protein in natural-succession grassland and Chinese pine forest on the Loess Plateau. Geoderma 334:1–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2018.07.043
Xu GC et al (2023) Effects of driving factors at multi-spatial scales on seasonal runoff and sediment changes. CATENA 222:106867. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2022.106867
Zhang MK et al (2012) Effects of biochar's application on active organic carbon fractions in soil. J Soil Water Conserv 26(2):127–137. CNKI:SUN:TRQS.0.2012-02-028
Zhang HO et al (2016) The interaction of freezing-thawing on soil aggregates and organic matter of Pisha sandstone and sand compound soil. J Soil Water Conserv 30(3):273–278. https://doi.org/10.1387/j.cnki.stbcxb.2016.03.047
Zhang SL et al (2020) Quantitative studies of gully slope erosion and soil physiochemical properties during freeze-thaw cycling in a Mollisol region. Sci Total Environ 707:136191. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.136191
Zhao JS et al (2017) Aggregate stability and size distribution of red soils under different land uses integrally regulated by soil organic matter, and iron and aluminium oxides. Soil till Res 167:73–79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2016.11.007
Zhu XM, Cheng WL (1994) Clay movement palesols of the loess plateau in China. Acta Pedol Sin 31(4):71–375. CNKI:SUN:TRXB.0.1994-04-003
Zuo YT et al (2022a) Effect of biochar application on freezing-thawing deformation of farmland soil during freeze–thaw cycling. Geoderma 405:115510. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2021.115510
Acknowledgements
We would like to thank the reviewers and the editor for their constructive comments and suggestions.
Funding
This research was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grants 42277342, 2022YFF1300800, 2023M731258).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
Wang Chenguang and Ma Bo wrote the main manuscriot text and did experiments. Cao wenhua and Xiao Junbo did experiments. All autjors reviewed the manuscript.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Competing interests
The authors declare no competing interests.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Supplementary Information
Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Wang, C., Cao, W., Ma, B. et al. Effects of freezing–thawing on different types of soil organic matter on the Loess Plateau of China. Environ Earth Sci 82, 466 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-023-11153-1
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-023-11153-1