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Advanced Utilization of By-Product from the Sturgeon Aquaculture Industry: Optimum Preparation of Notochord-Derived Multifunctional Peptides by Glycation using the Maillard Reaction

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Abstract

Purpose

Sturgeon notochord, a by-product in the sturgeon aquaculture industry, is a promising yet underutilized source of type II collagen. In this study, functionally enhanced collagen peptides (CPs) were developed from notochordal collagen using optimal glycation via the Maillard reaction, and the potential applications of the by-product and possible contributions to the valorization of the sturgeon aquaculture industry were determined.

Methods

CP prepared by papain digestion was mixed with alginate oligosaccharide (AO), glucose (Glu), or glucuronic acid (GluA), lyophilized, and then glycation at 80 °C and 75% relative humidity for up to 8 h. Amino acid analysis was performed to evaluate the formation of glycated CP (CP–sugars). The health-beneficial functions, antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activities of CP–sugars were evaluated by the ABTS radical scavenging assay and by quantification of inflammatory compound (tumor necrosis factor-α and nitric oxide) production in LPS-stimulated macrophages, respectively.

Results

During the glycation process, reducing sugars were reacted with lysine and arginine in CP. GluA had a higher reactivity to the reactive amino acids than that of Glu and AO. The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory functions of CP–sugars were increased with the glycation processes, and AO-glycation enhanced the health-beneficial functions of CP without a marked loss of reactive amino acids compared with the Glu- and GluA-glycations.

Conclusion

The appropriate glycation via the Maillard reaction is an effective way to simultaneously enhance the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory functions of CP from sturgeon notochord to facilitate its application as a functional food material.

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Data Availability

The datasets generated for this study are available on reasonable request to the corresponding author.

Code Availability

The data were analyzed by JMP software (Version 16; SAS institute Inc., NC, USA).

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Acknowledgements

We thank Bifuka Shinko Kosha, Bifuka, Japan for supplying sturgeon notochord. We thank Instrumental Analysis Division, Global Facility Center, Creative Research Institution, Hokkaido University for amino acid analysis.

Funding

This research was carried out by the ordinary budget for education and research supported from Hokkaido University. No funding was received to assist with the preparation of this manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, Minato 3, Hakodate, Hokkaido, 041-8611, Japan

    Boxue Yang, Wenzhao Li, Asuka Ishii, Ga-hyun Joe, Yutaka Shimizu, Yasuaki Takagi & Hiroki Saeki

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  1. Boxue Yang
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  2. Wenzhao Li
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  3. Asuka Ishii
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  7. Hiroki Saeki
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Contributions

All authors contributed to the study conception and design. HS supervised the project. Material preparation, data collection and analysis were mainly performed by BY, WL, AI. JG, and YS aided in interpreting the results and worked on the manuscript. The first draft of the manuscript was written by BY. All authors commented on the manuscript and approved the final version of the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Hiroki Saeki.

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Yang, B., Li, W., Ishii, A. et al. Advanced Utilization of By-Product from the Sturgeon Aquaculture Industry: Optimum Preparation of Notochord-Derived Multifunctional Peptides by Glycation using the Maillard Reaction. Waste Biomass Valor 14, 4101–4111 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12649-023-02113-8

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