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Energy dependence of the freeze-out parameters extracted from Au + Au and Pb + Pb collisions using THERMUS

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Abstract

In recent years the statistical–thermal model has shown great success in explaining the particle production in heavy-ion collisions, on the one hand. On the other hand, the utilization of the THERMUS code in understanding the particle yields in nuclear experiments has shown tremendous success in the past few years. The THERMUS code allows, among others, for the extraction of the freeze-out parameters in the quantum chromodynamics (QCD) phase diagram. Also, the various nuclear experiments operating at RHIC and LHC energies have shown consistent freeze-out results, which in turn agree well with the lattice QCD simulations. However, we propose using the THERMUS code to understand the particle yields from specific types of collisions in the STAR and NA49 experiments to conclude upon the typical freeze-out parameters in the Au + Au and Pb + Pb collisions. We conclude that THERMUS is very useful in determining the thermodynamic parameters, including the chemical freeze-out parameters, whose dependence is consistent with the previously obtained phase diagram and phase boundary. The slight difference observed in the freeze-out parameters could be explained due to differences in the input data but need to be confirmed in further studies. We have also performed the calculations including and excluding \(f_0(500)\) and concluded that its effect on the freeze-out parameter is globally negligible.

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Acknowledgements

One of the authors (A. Ahmed) gratefully acknowledges the financial help sanctioned by the G.O. No. 52-Edn(B)/5B-15/2017 dt. 7.6.2017 read with 65-Edn(B)/5-15/2017 dt. 11.7.2017 for Swami Vivekananda Merit-cum-Means Scholarship, Government of West Bengal, India.

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  1. Department of Physics, Cooch Behar Panchanan Barma University, Panchanan Nagar, Vivekananda Street, Cooch Behar, 736101, West Bengal, India

    Monika Ghimiray, Nirpat Subba, Azharuddin Ahmed & Prabir Kumar Haldar

  2. Future University in Egypt (FUE), End of 90th Str., New Cairo, 11835, Egypt

    Abdel Nasser Tawfik

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  1. Monika Ghimiray
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Ghimiray, M., Subba, N., Ahmed, A. et al. Energy dependence of the freeze-out parameters extracted from Au + Au and Pb + Pb collisions using THERMUS. Indian J Phys 97, 1551–1564 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12648-022-02492-z

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