Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Separation of Pd and Pt from highly acidic leach liquor of spent automobile catalysts with monothio-Cyanex 272 and trioctylamine

  • Published:
International Journal of Minerals, Metallurgy and Materials Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Platinum group metals (PGMs), especially Pd, Pt, and Rh, have drawn great attention due to their unique features. Direct separation of Pd and Pt from highly acidic automobile catalyst leach liquors is disturbed by various factors. This work investigates the effect of various parameters including the acidity, extractant concentration, phase ratio A/O, and diluents on the Pd and Pt extraction and their stripping behaviors. The results show that the Pd and Pt are successfully separated from simulated leach liquor of spent automobile catalysts with monothio-Cyanex 272 and trioctylamine (TOA). Monothio-Cyanex 272 shows strong extractability and specific selectivity for Pd, and only one single stage is needed to recover more than 99.9% of Pd, leaving behind all the Pt, Rh, and base metals of Fe, Mg, Ce, Ni, Cu, and Co in the raffinate. The loaded Pd is efficiently stripped by acidic thiourea solutions. TOA shows strong extractability for Pt and Fe at acidity of 6 mol·L−1 HCl. More than 99.9% of Pt and all of the Fe are extracted into the organic phase after two stages of countercurrent extraction. Diluted HCl easily scrubs the loaded base metals (Fe, Cu, and Co). The loaded Pt is efficiently stripped by 1.0 mol·L−1 thiourea and 0.05–0.1 mol·L−1 NaOH solutions. Monothio-Cyanex 272 and TOA can realize the separation of Pd and Pt from highly acidic leach liquor of spent automobile catalysts.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. H. Pal and V. Sharma, Mechanical, electrical, and thermal expansion properties of carbon nanotube-based silver and silver-palladium alloy composites, Int. J. Miner. Metall. Mater., 21(2014), No. 11, p. 1132.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. V. Nikolic, Z. Kamberovic, Z. Andic, M. Korac, M. Sokic, and V. Maksimovic, Influences of synthesis methods and modifier addition on the properties of Ni-based catalysts supported on reticulated ceramic foams, Int. J. Miner. Metall. Mater., 21(2014), No. 8, p. 806.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. China Industry Information, Development trend of supply and demand of platinum in China in 2019: Hydrogen energy is expected to drive the demand for platinum continuously, (2020-03-02) [2021-08-04]. http://www.chyxx.com/industry/202003/838942.html.

  4. China Industry Information, Development trend of palladium supply and demand in China in 2019: The sixth national standard increases the amount of palladium used in fuel vehicles, (2020-03-02) [2021-08-04]. http://www.chyxx.com/industry/202003/838922.html.

  5. China Economic Information Network, The global rhodium supply and demand relationship continues to be tense: rhodium recovery and reuse is of great significance under the pressure of environmental protection, (2020-06-28) [2021-08-04]. https://www.huaon.com/channel/trend/626256.html.

  6. C. Saguru, S. Ndlovu, and D. Moropeng, A review of recent studies into hydrometallurgical methods for recovering PGMs from used catalytic converters, Hydrometallurgy, 182(2018), p. 44.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. D.J. de Aberasturi, R. Pinedo, I.R. de Larramendi, J.I. Ruiz de Larramendi, and T. Rojo, Recovery by hydrometallurgical extraction of the platinum-group metals from car catalytic converters, Miner. Eng., 24(2011), No. 6, p. 505.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. A.M. Yousif, Recovery and then individual separation of platinum, palladium, and rhodium from spent car catalytic converters using hydrometallurgical technique followed by successive precipitation methods, J. Chem., 2019(2019), art. No. 2318157.

  9. S.J. Liu, Mining and Metallurgy of Platinum Group Metals, Metallurgy Industry Press, Beijing, 2001.

    Google Scholar 

  10. M. Hasani, A. Khodadadi, S.J. Koleini, A.H. Saeedi, Y. Perez-Pacheco, and A.M. Melendez, Platinum leaching from automotive catalytic converters with aqua regia, J. Phys. Conf. Series., 786(2017), art. No. 012043.

  11. J. Gong, Y.J. Wang, W. Kong, et al., Extraction of palladium from waste catalytic converters, Chin. J. Precious Met., 39(2018), No. S1, p. 155.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. B.R. Reddy, B. Raju, J.Y. Lee, and H.K. Park, Process for the separation and recovery of palladium and platinum from spent automobile catalyst leach liquor using LIX 84I and Alamine 336, J. Hazard. Mater., 180(2010), No. 1–3, p. 253.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. C. Nowottny, W. Halwachs, and K. Schügerl, Recovery of platinum, palladium and rhodium from industrial process leaching solutions by reactive extraction, Sep. Purif. Technol., 12(1997), No. 2, p. 135.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. P. Malik and A.P. Paiva, A novel solvent extraction route for the mutual separation of platinum, palladium, and rhodium in hydrochloric acid media, Solvent Extr. Ion Exch., 28(2010), No. 1, p. 49.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. O. Ortet and A.P. Paiva, Liquid-liquid extraction of palladium(II) from chloride media by N, N′-dimethyl-N, N′-di-cyclohexylthiodiglycolamide, Sep. Purif. Technol., 156(2015), p. 363.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. K. Senthil, U. Akiba, K. Fujiwara, F. Hamada, and Y. Kondo, New heterocyclic dithioether ligands for highly selective separation and recovery of Pd(II) from acidic leach liquors of spent automobile catalyst, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 56(2017), No. 4, p. 1036.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. M. Yamada, M.R. Gandhi, U.M.R. Kunda, T. Mori, K. Haga, and A. Shibayama, Recovery of Pd(II) from leach solutions of automotive catalysts by solvent extraction with new thiophosphate extractants, Hydrometallurgy, 191(2020), art. No. 105221.

  18. S.P. Feng and K. Huang, Enhanced separation of Pd(II) and Pt(IV) from hydrochloric acid aqueous solution using 2-((2-methoxyethyl)thio)-1H-benzimidazole, Rare Met., 39(2020), No. 12, p. 1473.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. O. Ortet and A.P. Paiva, Development of tertiary thioamide derivatives to recover palladium(II) from simulated complex chloride solutions, Hydrometallurgy, 151(2015), p. 33.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. M.R. Gandhi, M. Yamada, K. Haga, and A. Shibayama, Synthesis of pincer-type extractants for selective extraction of palladium from PGMs: An improved liquid-liquid extraction approach to current refining processes, Sci. Rep., 7(2017), art. No. 8709.

  21. M. Yamada, Y. Kaneta, M.R. Gandhi, U.M.R. Kunda, and A. Shibayama, Recovery of Pd(II) and Pt(IV) from leach liquors of automotive catalysts with calixarene-based di-n-alkylamino extractants in saturated hydrocarbon diluents, Hydrometallurgy, 184(2019), p. 103.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. R.E.C. Torrejos, G.M. Nisola, S.H. Min, J.W. Han, S.P. Lee, and W.J. Chung, Highly selective extraction of palladium from spent automotive catalyst acid leachate using novel alkylated di-oxadithiacrown ether derivatives, J. Ind. Eng. Chem., 89(2020), p. 428.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. M.L. Firmansyah, F. Kubota, W. Yoshida, and M. Goto, Application of a novel phosphonium-based ionic liquid to the separation of platinum group metals from automobile catalyst leach liquor, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 58(2019), No. 9, p. 3845.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. J.Y. Lee, B. Raju, B.N. Kumar, J.R. Kumar, H.K. Park, and B.R. Reddy, Solvent extraction separation and recovery of palladium and platinum from chloride leach liquors of spent automobile catalyst, Sep. Purif. Technol., 73(2010), No. 2, p. 213.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. T.H. Nguyen, B.N. Kumar, and M.S. Lee, Selective recovery of Fe(III), Pd(II), Pt(IV), Rh(III) and Ce(III) from simulated leach liquors of spent automobile catalyst by solvent extraction and cementation, Korean J. Chem. Eng., 33(2016), No. 9, p. 2684.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. S. Harjanto, Y.C. Cao, A. Shibayama, et al., Leaching of Pt, Pd and Rh from automotive catalyst residue in various chloride based solutions, Mater. Trans., 47(2006), No. 1, p. 129.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. J.L. Wang, W. Xu, H. Liu, F.S. Yu, and H.J. Wang, Extractant structures and their performance for palladium extraction and separation from chloride media: A review, Miner. Eng., 163(2021), art. No. 106798.

  28. J.Y. Yang and D.X. Liu, Solvent Extraction, Metallurgy Industry Press, Beijing, 1988.

    Google Scholar 

  29. M.L. Firmansyah, F. Kubota, and M. Goto, Selective recovery of platinum group metals from spent automotive catalysts by leaching and solvent extraction, J. Chem. Eng. Jpn, 52(2019), No. 11, p. 835.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

This work was financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program for Young Scientists, China (No. 2021YFC2901100). We are very grateful to Peilong Wang and Chengyan Xu for metal ion determination with ICP-OES.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Civil and Resource Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China

    Junlian Wang, Lu Liu, Wen Xu, Hui Liu & Guodong Xu

  2. Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Efficient Mining and Safety of Metal Mines, Beijing, 100083, China

    Junlian Wang

  3. State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing, 102249, China

    Fengshan Yu & Guoyong Huang

  4. School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China

    Kun Huang

  5. Jiangxi Province Han’s Precious Metals Co., Ltd., Shangrao, 335500, China

    Junlian Wang & Fengshan Yu

Authors
  1. Junlian Wang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Lu Liu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Wen Xu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Hui Liu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Guodong Xu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Kun Huang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Fengshan Yu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. Guoyong Huang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Junlian Wang or Fengshan Yu.

Additional information

Conflict of Interest

We declare that we have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Wang, J., Liu, L., Xu, W. et al. Separation of Pd and Pt from highly acidic leach liquor of spent automobile catalysts with monothio-Cyanex 272 and trioctylamine. Int J Miner Metall Mater 30, 877–885 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12613-022-2492-6

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12613-022-2492-6

Keywords

Search

Navigation