Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Effects of normal stress, surface roughness, and initial grain size on the microstructure of copper subjected to platen friction sliding deformation

  • Published:
International Journal of Minerals, Metallurgy, and Materials Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The effects of applied normal stress, surface roughness, and initial grain size on the microstructure of pure Cu developed during platen friction sliding deformation (PFSD) processing were investigated. In each case, the deformation microstructure was characterized and the hardness of the treated surface layer was measured to evaluate its strength. The results indicated that the thickness of the deformed layer and the hardness at any depth increased with increasing normal stress. A smaller steel platen surface roughness resulted in less microstructural refinement, whereas the microstructural refinement was enhanced by decreasing the surface roughness of the Cu sample. In the case of a very large initial grain size (d > 10 mm), a sharper transition from fine-grain microstructure to undeformed material was obtained in the treated surface layer after PFSD processing.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. X.D. Zhang, N. Hansen, Y.K. Gao, and X.X. Huang, Hall-petch and dislocation strengthening in graded nanostructured steel, Acta Mater, 60(2012), No. 16, p. 5933.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. X.C. Liu, H.W. Zhang, and K. Lu, Strain-induced ultrahard and ultrastable nanolaminated structure in nickel, Science, 342(2013), No. 6156, p. 337.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. X.Y. Wang, X.F. Liu, W.J. Zou, and J.X. Xie, Copper foils with gradient structure in thickness direction and different roughnesses on two surfaces fabricated by double rolling, Int. J. Miner. Metall. Mater., 20(2013), No. 12, p. 1170.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. C. Ye, A. Telang, A.S. Gill, S. Suslov, Y. Idell, K. Zweiacker, J.M.K. Wiezorek, Z. Zhou, D. Qian, S.R. Mannava, and V.K. Vasudevan, Gradient nanostructure and residual stresses induced by ultrasonic nano-crystal surface modification in 304 austenitic stainless steel for high strength and high ductility, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 613(2014), p. 274.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Y.S. Zhang, Z. Han, K. Wang, and K. Lu, Friction and wear behaviors of nanocrystalline surface layer of pure copper, Wear, 260(2006), No. 9-10, p. 942.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. B.N. Mordyuk, G.I. Prokopenko, M.A. Vasylyev, and M.O. Iefimov, Effect of structure evolution induced by ultrasonic peening on the corrosion behavior of aisi-321 stainless steel, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 458(2007), No. 1-2, p. 253.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. J.C. Villegas, L.L. Shaw, K. Dai, W. Yuan, J. Tian, P.K. Liaw, and D.L. Klarstrom, Enhanced fatigue resistance of a nickel-based hastelloy induced by a surface nanocrystallization and hardening process, Philos. Mag. Lett., 85(2005), No. 8, p. 427.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. T. Roland, D. Retraint, K. Lu, and J. Lu, Fatigue life improvement through surface nanostructuring of stainless steel by means of surface mechanical attrition treatment, Scripta Mater., 54(2006), No. 11, p. 1949.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. X. Wang, D.D. Mao, X.C. Wei, and W.R. Wang, Cr atom diffusion in tribolayer T10 steel induced by dry sliding against 20CrMnTi steel, Appl. Surf. Sci., 270(2013), p. 145.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. H.W. Huang, Z.B. Wang, X.P. Yong, and K. Lu, Enhancing torsion fatigue behaviour of a martensitic stainless steel by generating gradient nanograined layer via surface mechanical grinding treatment, Mater. Sci. Technol., 29(2013), No. 10, p. 1200.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. D.A. Hughes, D.B. Dawson, J.S. Korellis, and L.I. Weingarten, Near surface microstructures developing under large sliding loads, J. Mater. Eng. Perform., 3(1994), No. 4, p. 459.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. D.A. Hughes, D.B. Dawson, J.S. Korellis, and L.I. Weingarten, A microstructurally based method for stress estimates, Wear, 181-183(1995), No. 2, p. 458.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Y.S. Zhang, W.L. Li, G. Wang, L.C. Zhang, B. Yao, and Z. Han, Formation of thick nanocrystalline surface layer on copper during oscillating sliding, Mater. Lett., 68(2012), p. 432.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Y.S. Zhang, P.X. Zhang, H.Z. Niu, C. Chen, G. Wang, D.H. Xiao, X.H. Chen, Z.T. Yu, S.B. Yuan, and X.F. Bai, Surface nanocrystallization of Cu and Ta by sliding friction, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 607(2014), p. 351.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. X. Wang, X.C. Wei, X.R. Yang, Z.B. Cheng, and W.R. Wang, Atomic diffusion of gradient ultrafine structured surface layer produced by T10 steel rubbing against 20CrMnTi steel, Wear, 304(2013), No. 1-2, p. 118.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. J.R. Jiang, F.H. Stott, and M.M. Stack, A mathematical model for sliding wear of metals at elevated temperatures, Wear, 181-183(1995), No. 1, p. 20.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. B. Yao, Z. Han, and K. Lu, Correlation between wear resistance and subsurface recrystallization structure in copper, Wear, 294-295(2012), p. 438.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. S. Karthikeyan, H.J. Kim, and D.A. Rigney, Velocity and strain-rate profiles in materials subjected to unlubricated sliding, Phys. Rev. Lett., 95(2005), No. 10, p. 10601.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. A. Emge, S. Karthikeyan, and D.A. Rigney, The effects of sliding velocity and sliding time on nanocrystalline tribolayer development and properties in copper, Wear, 267(2009), No. 1-4, p. 562.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. D.A. Hughes and N. Hansen, Exploring the limit of dislocation based plasticity in nanostructured metals, Phys. Rev. Lett., 112(2014), No. 13, p. 135504.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. S.Q. Deng, A. Godfrey, W. Liu, and C.L. Zhang, Microstructural evolution of pure copper subjected to friction sliding deformation at room temperature, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 639(2015), p. 448.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. A. Kumar, T. Staedler, and X. Jiang, Effect of normal load and roughness on the nanoscale friction coefficient in the elastic and plastic contact regime, Beilstein. J. Nanotech., 4(2013), p. 66.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. K. Yamaguchi, C. Sasaki, R. Tsuboi, M. Atherton, T. Stolarski, and S. Sasaki, Effect of surface roughness on friction behaviour of steel under boundary lubrication, Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. Part J J. Eng. Tribol., 228(2014), No. 9, p. 1015.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. D.K. Leu, Modeling of surface roughness effect on dry contact friction in metal forming, Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol., 57(2011), No. 5, p. 575.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. W. Chen, L. Xiao, Q.Y. Sun, and J. Sun, Effect of the initial grain size on grain refinement in Ti-2Al-2.5Zr alloy subjected to multi-impact process, Mater. Sci. Eng. A., 554(2012), p. 86.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials (MOE), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China

    Shan-quan Deng, Andrew-William Godfrey, Wei Liu, Cheng-lu Zhang & Ben Xu

Authors
  1. Shan-quan Deng
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Andrew-William Godfrey
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Wei Liu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Cheng-lu Zhang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Ben Xu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Andrew-William Godfrey.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Deng, Sq., Godfrey, AW., Liu, W. et al. Effects of normal stress, surface roughness, and initial grain size on the microstructure of copper subjected to platen friction sliding deformation. Int J Miner Metall Mater 23, 57–69 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12613-016-1211-6

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12613-016-1211-6

Keywords

Search

Navigation