Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Effect of welding parameters on the heat-affected zone of AISI409 ferritic stainless steel

  • Published:
International Journal of Minerals, Metallurgy, and Materials Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

One of the main problems during the welding of ferritic stainless steels is severe grain growth within the heat-affected zone (HAZ). In the present study, the microstructural characteristics of tungsten inert gas (TIG) welded AISI409 ferritic stainless steel were investigated by electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD), and the effects of welding parameters on the grain size, local misorientation, and low-angle grain boundaries were studied. A 3-D finite element model (FEM) was developed to predict the effects of welding parameters on the holding time of the HAZ above the critical temperature of grain growth. It is found that the base metal is not fully recrystallized. During the welding, complete recrystallization is followed by severe grain growth. A decrease in the number of low-angle grain boundaries is observed within the HAZ. FEM results show that the final state of residual strains is caused by competition between welding plastic strains and their release by recrystallization. Still, the decisive factor for grain growth is heat input.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. H. Berns and H.W. Theisen, Ferrous Materials, Steels and Cast Iron, Springer Verlag, Berlin, Germany, 2008.

    Google Scholar 

  2. S. Kou, Welding Metallurgy, John Wiley & Sons, New Jersey, USA, 2003.

    Google Scholar 

  3. A.J. Schwartz and M.A. Kumar, Electron Backscattered Diffraction in Materials Science, Kluewer Academics-Plenum Publishers, New York, USA, 2000.

    Google Scholar 

  4. S.H. Kang, W.H. Bang, J.H. Cho, H.N. Han, K.H. Oh, C.G. Lee, and S.J. Kim, Microtexture analysis of friction stir welded Al 6061-T651 plates, Mater. Sci. Forum, 495–497(2005), p.901.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. H. Fujii, R. Ueji, Y. Takada, H. Kitahara, K. Tsuji, N. Nakata, and K. Nogi, Friction stir welding of ultrafine grained interstitial free steels, Mater. Trans., 47(2006), No.1, p.239.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. R.S. Coelho, A. Kostka, H. Pinto, S. Riekehr, M. Koçak, and A.R. Pyzalla, Microstructure and residual stresses in dissimilar Mg-Al-Zn-alloy single overlap laser beam welds, Mater. Sci. Forum, 571–572(2008), p.361.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. E. Merson, C. Hammond, and R. Brydson, Characterization of texture in Ti-6246 alloy fiber laser welds using electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD), J. Phys. Conf. Ser., 26(2006), No.1, p.347.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. M. Kamaya, A.J. Wilkinson, and J.M. Titchmarsh, Measurement of plastic strain of polycrystalline material by electron backscatter diffraction, Nucl. Eng. Des., 235(2005), No.6, p.713.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. M. Kamaya, Measurement of local plastic strain distribution of stainless steel by electron backscatter diffraction, Mater. Charact., 60(2009), No.2, p.125.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. D.E. Katsareas and A.G. Yostous, Residual stress prediction in dissimilar metal weld pipe joints using the finite element method, Mater. Sci. Forum, 490–491(2005), p.53.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. S. Sahin, M. Toparli, I. Ozdemir, and S. Sasaki, Modelled and measured residual stresses in a bimaterial joint, J. Mater. Process. Technol., 132(2003), p.235.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. G. Phanikumar, K. Chattopadhyay, and P. Dutta, Modeling of transport phenomena in laser welding of dissimilar metals, Int. J. Numer. Methods Heat Fluid Flow, 11(2001), No.2, p.156.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. F.K. Chung and P.S. Wei, Mass, momentum, and energy transport in a molten pool when welding dissimilar metals, J. Heat Transfer, 121(1999), No.2, p.451.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. ASM International Handbook Committee, ASM Handbook, Volume 06: Welding, Brazing, and Soldering, ASM International, Materials Park, Ohio, 1993, p.704.

    Google Scholar 

  15. M. Lu and S. Kou, Power and current distribution in gas tungsten arcs, Weld. J., 67(1988), No.2, p.29.s.

    Google Scholar 

  16. B. Taljat, B. Radhakrishnan, and T. Zacharia, Numerical analysis of GTA welding process with emphasis on post-solidification phase transformation effects on residual stresses, Mater. Sci. Eng., A, 246(1998), No.1–2, p.45.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Young Researchers Club (East Tehran Branch), Islamic Azad University, Tehran, 33955-163, Iran

    Eslam Ranjbarnodeh

  2. Materials Science and Engineering, University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, 47057, Germany

    Stefanie Hanke, Sabine Weiss & Alfons Fischer

Authors
  1. Eslam Ranjbarnodeh
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Stefanie Hanke
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Sabine Weiss
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Alfons Fischer
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Eslam Ranjbarnodeh.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Ranjbarnodeh, E., Hanke, S., Weiss, S. et al. Effect of welding parameters on the heat-affected zone of AISI409 ferritic stainless steel. Int J Miner Metall Mater 19, 923–929 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12613-012-0648-5

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12613-012-0648-5

Keywords

Search

Navigation