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Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Fe–4Cr–5Mo–V–6W Powders Hardfaced on AISI D2 Substrate Using Directed Energy Deposition

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Abstract

FeCrMoVW powder is a powder-metallurgy-based tool steel. In this study, we applied this powder to an AISI D2 substrate via additive manufacturing based on a directed energy deposition process and evaluated the mechanical and metallurgical properties of the FeCrMoVW deposited on the D2 substrate. To this end, microstructural observation and mechanical tests with respect to hardness, impact, compression, and wear were conducted. The properties of the hardfaced substrate were compared to those of AISI D2 (QT-D2), which is obtained through heat treatments such as quenching and tempering, typically used for high-strength cold work tool steel. In the microstructure of the deposited FeCrMoVW (as-built FeCrMoVW), high-hardness carbides were observed with fine cellular dendrites at grain boundaries owing to the melting and quenching of FeCrMoVW powders. The hardness of the deposits was approximately 20% higher than that of QT-D2 (56HRc) because of the presence of fine grains in the deposited zones. Furthermore, the wear resistance and compressive strength of as-built FeCrMoVW increased compared to those of QT-D2. This was attributed to the generation of martensite due to quenching after powder melting. The toughness of as-built FeCrMoVW and QT-D2 were similar (4 J). Furthermore, as-built FeCrMoVW exhibited high hardness, good wear resistance, and high compressive strength owing to the presence of various types and sizes of carbides and martensite. The results of the study confirm that the hardfacing process using FeCrMoVW powder can be applied in industries for increasing the performance of tools and molds used in harsh environments.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the Korea Evaluation Institute of Industrial Technology (KEIT) (Grant Number K-G012000875302) and the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) under Grant Number 2021R1A2C101197311 from the Ministry of Science and ICT. Additional support from the Korea Institute for Advancement of Technology (KIAT) Grant funded by the Korea Government (MOTIE) (P0008763, The Competency Development Program for Industry Specialist) is gratefully acknowledged.

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  1. Department of Ocean Advanced Materials Convergence Engineering, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, Busan, 49112, Republic of Korea

    Ye-Eun Jeong & Do-Sik Shim

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  1. Ye-Eun Jeong
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  2. Do-Sik Shim
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Correspondence to Do-Sik Shim.

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Jeong, YE., Shim, DS. Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Fe–4Cr–5Mo–V–6W Powders Hardfaced on AISI D2 Substrate Using Directed Energy Deposition. Met. Mater. Int. 28, 2621–2636 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12540-021-01156-7

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