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An Intervention Program Using the Health Belief Model to Modify Lifestyle in Coronary Heart Disease: Randomized Controlled Trial

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Abstract

Background

Most effective interventions to control coronary heart disease (CHD) and prevent negative outcomes involve behavioral modification. This study examined how such modification based on the Health Belief Model (HBM) might improve lifestyle and clinical outcomes.

Methods

A total of 120 people with CHD seeking help at a general hospital in Iran were randomly assigned to either the intervention or control group. Information was collected using an HBM-specific questionnaire and the Health Promoting Lifestyle II (HPLP-II) scale. Clinical outcomes (blood pressure, body mass index, and fasting blood sugar) were also measured. The intervention group received a tailored education based on HBM principles plus routine care, while those in the control group received only routine care. Three months after the intervention, both groups were reassessed using Student’s t test and analysis of covariance.

Results

All HBM subscale scores indicated significant improvements in the intervention group, in contrast to the control group, where scores worsened or stayed the same. Perceived severity and susceptibility were the dimensions that changed most. Total score on the HPLP-II improved significantly in the intervention group (p < 0.001, F = 747.5); however, subscale scores on spiritual growth and interpersonal relationships did not demonstrate significant between-group differences at follow-up. After adjustment for baseline scores, significant improvements in lifestyle subscales were also accompanied by significant improvements in clinical measures.

Conclusions

This HBM-based behavior modification program improved both lifestyle and clinical measures in patients with CHD. Utilizing this program in patients with other cardiovascular diseases may in the future demonstrate similar results.

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Data Availability

Data set for this study may be available through requesting from the corresponding author if needed.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to express their thanks to the nursing staff and hospital managers who assisted in the collection of data and facilitated access to study participants.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Health Research Center, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Mohsen Saffari, Hormoz Sanaeinasab, Hojat Rashidi-jahan, Mehdi Raei & Fatemeh Rahmati

  2. Health Education Department, Faculty of Health, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Mohsen Saffari, Hormoz Sanaeinasab & Fardin Aghazadeh

  3. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Health, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Mehdi Raei

  4. Division of Psychiatry, Department of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

    Faten Al Zaben

  5. Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA

    Harold G. Koenig

  6. Department of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

    Harold G. Koenig

  7. School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China

    Harold G. Koenig

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  1. Mohsen Saffari
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Mohsen Saffari.

Ethics declarations

Ethical Approval

All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. The Ethical Approval for this study has been adopted from Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences.

Informed Consent

Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

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The authors declare no competing interests.

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Saffari, M., Sanaeinasab, H., Rashidi-jahan, H. et al. An Intervention Program Using the Health Belief Model to Modify Lifestyle in Coronary Heart Disease: Randomized Controlled Trial. Int.J. Behav. Med. (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12529-023-10201-1

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