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Three new species of Oleandra (Oleandraceae, Polypodiopsida) from the Neotropics, and notes on the morphological groups among the Neotropical species

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Abstract:

Three new species of Oleandra from the Neotropics are described, illustrated, and compared to similar species. Oleandra amazonica and O. steyermarkii are endemic to the Guiana Shield, whereas O. hovenkampii has an apparent disjunct distribution, being known from Peru and Costa Rica. We also re-define the informal, morphological groups of Neotropical Oleandra: 1. Species with slender, creeping stems clothed with squarrose, spreading scales, and forming stipe-like phyllopodia, with alternate and spaced phyllotaxy; 2. An intermediate group between groups 1 and 3, composed of species with mostly slender, creeping stems clothed with appressed scales, and forming stipe-like phyllopodia, with mixed phylotaxy (alternate in some species, tending to verticilate in others); and 3. Species with stout, climbing to ascending stems clothed with appressed scales, and forming stem-like phyllopodia, with verticillate phyllotaxy. In total, we recognize 21 valid species for the Neotropics, and tentatively accommodate them in those three groups, each one with 9, 5, and 7 species, respectively.

Resumo (Português):

Três espécies novas de Oleandra (Oleandraceae) da região neotropical são descritas, ilustradas e comparadas a espécies similares. Oleandra amazonica e O. steyermarkii são endêmicas ao Escudo das Guianas, e O. hovenkampii, com uma aparente distribuição disjunta, é conhecida até o momento para o Peru e Costa Rica. É também proposta uma redefinição dos grupos morfológicos informais de Oleandra da região Neotropical: 1. Espécies com caules delgados, rastejantes, vestidos por escamas esquarrosas e patentes, formando filopódios do tipo “peciolar”, e com filotaxia alterna e esparsa; 2. Um grupo intermediário entre os grupos 1 e 3 espécies principalmente com caules delgados, rastejantes, vestidos por escamas adpressas, formando filopódios do tipo “peciolar”, e com filotaxia mista (alterna em algumas espécies, tendendo a verticilada em outras); e 3. Espécies com caules grossos, trepadores a ascendentes, vestidos por escamas adpressas, formando filopódios do tipo “caulinar”, e com filotaxia verticilada. No total, são reconhecidas 21 espécies válidas para a região Neotropical e elas são acomodadas nos três grupos, com 9, 5 e 7 espécies, respectivamente.

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Acknowledgments

The senior author thanks Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) for her Ph.D. fellowship, and Programa de Pós-Graduação em Botânica (Universidade Federal de Viçosa) through CAPES-PROAP for partially funding this work, including a trip to North American herbaria. We thank Reinaldo Pinto for the illustrations, and Robbin C. Moran (NY) and Túlio Pena (VIC) for their support. We also thank the editor and the two reviewers (Fernando Matos and an anonymous reviewer) for their constructive comments on the manuscript. PBS thanks CNPq for a grant (no. 204998/2017-4) to spend a Post-Doc abroad, which also contributed to this work. PHL thanks CNPq for a grant (no. 311352/2019-7) to conduct research on fern diversity, and Fabian Michelangeli for support at NY.

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Correspondence to Cecília V. Miranda.

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Miranda, C.V., Schwartsburd, P.B., Labiak, P.H. et al. Three new species of Oleandra (Oleandraceae, Polypodiopsida) from the Neotropics, and notes on the morphological groups among the Neotropical species. Brittonia 73, 143–151 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12228-021-09665-w

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