A new combination is required in Conocliniopsis (Compositae: Eupatorieae: Gyptidinae)

A new combination, Conocliniopsis grossedentata, in Conocliniopsis R.M.King & H.Rob. (Compositae: Eupatorieae: Gyptidinae) is provided. An earlier assessment of Prince Maximilian Wied-Neuwied’s collections (sent by Martius to Colla), proposed that Colla’s Eupatorium grossedentatum was a new synonym of Lourteigia ballotifolia (Kunth) R.M.King & H.Rob., a Colombian endemic. A critical assessment of Wied’s collection has indicated that the material, collected in Brazil near the Bahian coast, on the banks of the Rio Belmonte (= Rio Jequitinhonha), is conspecific with the plant more usually known as Conocliniopsis prasiifolia (DC.) R.M.King & H.Rob. Colla’s name pre-dates that of de Candolle’s Conoclinium prasiifolium, the basionym of Conocliniopsis prasiifolia; a new combination is necessary. A full synonymy of Conocliniopsis grossedentata is provided, types indicated, and other issues discussed.


Introduction
Whilst reassessing my draft checklist of the Compositae of the Departamento de Boyacá, Colombia, I had cause to review some of my earlier work on the Compositae from Bahia State, Brazil. Of particular interest was the plant known as Conocliniopsis prasiifolia (DC.) R.M. King & H.Rob. (Compositae: Eupatorieae: Gyptidinae). This species has a disjunct distribution between Brazil (Alagoas, Bahia, Ceará, Minas Gerais, Pernambuco), and central and western Colombia and Venezuela (where it is widespread), together with some confusing aspects in its history.
The basionym, Conoclinium prasiifolium DC. (de Candolle 1836: 135) was described from syntypes found in coastal Bahia State (Brazil) and in Caracas (Venezuela). With the recognition of Eupatorium ballotifolium Kunth var. caucense B.L.Rob. (Robinson 1918: 238), as a synonym (King & Robinson 1972: 308), its distribution was extended to Colombia. This apparent link with Eupatorium ballotifolium (as its basionym) has regrettably linked Conocliniopsis prasiifolia to Lourteigia ballotifolia (Kunth) R.M.King & H.Rob. This has included the recently published checklist of Colombia (Avila et al. 2016: 865), within which Eupatorium ballotifolium var. caucense was presumably mistakenly placed in synonymy of Lourteigia ballotifolia. It is based on this tortuous link that Lourteigia ballotifolia is now also erroneously referred to the Brazilian flora (see Moraes et al. 2013: 215), although strangely excluded in the Flora do Brasil 2020 database, which however includes the Bahian Eupatorium grossedentatum Mart. ex Colla in synonymy.
However, it would appear that Moraes et al.'s reference was based solely upon Baker's determination of the Wied-Neuwied collection now in BR -BR(0000006592684)as 'Eupatorium ballotaefolium HBK'. Baker's account of the species in Flora Brasiliensis (Baker 1876: 360) provided a confused concept of Eupatorium ballotifolium that included the plant currently known as Conocliniopsis prasiifolia.
A comparison of the holotype of Eupatorium ballotifolium, P-Bonpl.-P(00320082), with the Wied-Neuwied material in BR, shows that other than a superficial similarity in leaf form, the Wied-Neuwied duplicates are certainly not conspecific. In Eupatorium ballotifolium the capitula are considerably smaller, the phyllaries more numerous, few-seriate, imbricate, narrower, lanceolate, sparsely pubescent and marginally shorter than the pappus setae, and with long-acute apices. The Wied-Neuwied material has significantly longer petioles, much larger lamina, the capitula are larger, the phyllaries distant, subequal, broader and almost oblong, clearly veined, and conspicuously hirsute towards the darker, acute apices. The achenes of the two are also different in that in Eupatorium ballotifolium the body is relatively sparsely setuliferous, whereas in the Wied-Neuwied material they are densely setuliferous. Ecologically, Lourteigia ballotifolium is a high-altitude Andean species (generally known above 2500 m), whereas the Wied-Neuwied material is clearly lowaltitude, with the Rio Belmont[e] locality a few metres above sea level. The two are clearly not conspecific, and the Wied-Neuwied material an excellent match for the plant currently known as Conocliniopsis prasiifolia. Moraes et al. (2013: 215) indicated that the Wied-Neuwied material was described as Eupatorium grossedentatum Mart. ex Colla (Colla 1835). This name predates de Candolle's Conoclinium prasiifolium by more than a year, and as such has priority, although no combination has yet been made in the genus Conocliniopsis R.M.King & H.Rob. where it clearly belongs.
In the necessary new combination provided below a full synonymy is provided. For each novel name the type citation is provided in the traditional sense and is a transcription of the protologue. In some instances, the collector's name has been placed in italics. The location of known type material is provided (herbarium acronyms following Thiers, continuously updated), the numbers representing barcodes used in those institutions. De Candolle's name is lectotypified. Blanchet 71, G-DC(00494004mounted with S a l z m a n n 3 0 ) . S y n t y p e : B l a n c h e t 7 3 , G -DC

DISTRIBUTION IN CUBA AND HAITI
Although the distribution of this taxon is apparently well-defined (to Brazil, Colombia and Venezuela), Liogier (1969Liogier ( , 1996, in citing Eupatorium ballotifolium (also citing Lourteigia ballotifolia in synonymy), indicated that the species is present in Cuba (citing Clemente 3420) and La Española (Haiticiting Poiteau s.n.).
Liogier's citation of the Clemente collection lacked a herbarium acronym (for where he had seen the material), nor added any collection date; it was certainly collected between December 1943 (3233) and April 1944 (3453) based on collections in GH. Lanjouw & Stafleu (1954: 130) provided an entry for Brother Clement (= Augustin Clément Téteau [Monet]/Brother Clemente; 1878 -1951) who collected in Cuba between 1908and 1950(Francisco-Ortega et al. 2016; see also material in GH). Clemente's original herbarium was not specified (although now likely to be in HAC, via LS), but duplicates are reasonably widespread ('[A, BM,] L, LE, LS (4000), NS, NY, SV, US (658), WTU ' -Lanjouw & Stafleu (1954: 130)); the LS material has since been transferred to HAC. The Poiteau collection has, so far, proved elusive, and searches in P fruitless; verification of both collections is still pending. A Cuban distribution is only supported by a map for the POWO (2021) record of Conocliniopsis prasiifolia; there was no supporting reference; POWO (2021) did not indicate a Haitian distribution. However, examination of the brief description provided by Liogier (1969: 130) casts some doubt as to his determination of the material. Material of both Lourteigia ballotifolia and Conocliniopsis grossedentata possesses opposite leaves in the lower parts of the stem, those of Conocliniopsis sometimes appearing alternate distally; Liogier (1969: 130) Greuter & Rodríguez (2016a, 2016b, 2017 albeit citing the incorrect supporting reference) citing Conocliniopsis prasiifolia (based on the citation of Eupatorium ballotifolium appearing in Liogier (1969: 130)) for Cuba, as they too failed to cite any material, possibly basing the species' presence upon a name in the synonymy of Conocliniopsis prasiifolia.

Acknowledgements
The author would like to thank an anonymous reviewer for their input that helped improve the original script.

Declarations
Conflict of interest. The author declares no conflict of interest.
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