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Advanced glycation end products and diabetic retinopathy

  • Published:
Journal of Ocular Biology, Diseases, and Informatics

Abstract

Studies have established hyperglycemia as the most important factor in the progress of vascular complications. Formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) correlates with glycemic control. The AGE hypothesis proposes that hyperglycemia contributes to the pathogenesis of diabetic complications including retinopathy. However, their role in diabetic retinopathy remains largely unknown. This review discusses the chemistry of AGEs formation and their patho-biochemistry particularly in relation to diabetic retinopathy. AGEs exert deleterious effects by acting directly to induce cross-linking of long-lived proteins to promote vascular stiffness, altering vascular structure and function and interacting with receptor for AGE, to induce intracellular signaling leading to enhanced oxidative stress and elaboration of key proinflammatory and prosclerotic cytokines. Novel anti-AGE strategies are being developed hoping that in next few years, some of these promising therapies will be successfully evaluated in clinical context aiming to reduce the major economical and medical burden caused by diabetic retinopathy.

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Acknowledgments

The authors acknowledge the Junior Research Fellowship grant (F. no. 17-7/2011(SA-I)) from the University Grants Commission, India.

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  1. Department of Ophthalmology, King George Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Yashodhara Sharma & Sandeep Saxena

  2. Department of Medicine, King George Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Arvind Mishra

  3. Department of Nephrology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Anita Saxena

  4. Department of Pathology, King George Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Shankar Madhav Natu

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  1. Yashodhara Sharma
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Correspondence to Sandeep Saxena.

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Sharma, Y., Saxena, S., Mishra, A. et al. Advanced glycation end products and diabetic retinopathy. j ocul biol dis inform 5, 63–69 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12177-013-9104-7

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