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Mild Pretreatment Combined with Fed-Batch Strategy to Improve the Enzymatic Efficiency of Apple Pomace at High-Solids Content

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Abstract

This a two-part study was conducted to improve the enzymatic saccharification of apple pomace (AP) by pretreatment and fed-batch enzymatic hydrolysis. The impact on the enzymatic hydrolysis and structural characterization in AP of four pretreatment processes, sodium hydroxide (SH), ethanol (ETH), liquid hot water (LHW), and Phanerochaete chrysosporium (PC), were evaluated. In addition, the enzymatic hydrolysis efficiency of AP at high solids content was improved by optimizing the enzyme hydrolysis conditions and using fed-batch strategy. The results demonstrated that both ETH 160 °C and PC pretreatments effectively enhanced the efficiency of enzymatic saccharification in AP while disrupting its compact structure. Notably, PC solid-state fermentation for 7 d proved to be a mild yet effective pretreatment method for AP. By utilizing PC pretreated residue at a substrate content of 20% (w/v) with an addition of 5 mg/g pectinase and 50 mg/g Tween 80, along with employing fed-batch enzymatic hydrolysis, the total sugar concentration increased by 30.3% after 72 h. At this point, the highest total sugar concentration reached 77.5 g/L with an enzymatic hydrolysis yield reaching 73% (glucose). This study presents not only the first application of PC as a pretreatment method for AP but also establishes a new enzymatic process with high solids content to provide a new strategy for AP resource utilization.

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Data Availability

The datasets generated during and/or analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

Change history

  • 02 February 2024

    The original version of this paper was updated: The number of Equation (12) was overlapping the entry of Table 1

Abbreviations

AP:

Apple pomace

SH:

Sodium hydroxide

ETH:

Ethanol

LHW:

Liquid hot water

PC:

Phanerochaete chrysosporium

SEM:

Scanning electron microscopy

FTIR:

Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy

XRD:

X-ray diffractometry

TGA:

Thermogravimetric analysis

FPU:

Filter paper units

HMF:

5-hydroxymethylfurfural

H+ :

Hydrogen ion

OH− :

Hydroxyl ion

CO2 :

Carbon dioxide

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank the Henan Province Science and Technology Development Plan Project for financial support, and secondly, the research platform of the College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University for technical support.

Funding

This work was supported by the Henan Province Science and Technology Development Plan Project in China [grant numbers 212102110359 and 222102110362].

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China

    Jianjun Chen, Jiameng Zhou, Rongjie Yuan, Xue Shao, Yaoyajie Lu & Weidi Sun

  2. College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China

    Xianglin Cao

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  1. Jianjun Chen
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Contributions

All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Jianjun Chen: Conceptualization, Methodology, Funding acquisition, and manuscript draft preparation; Jiameng Zhou: Methodology and manuscript draft preparation; Rongjie Yuan: Software; Xue Shao: Data curation; Yaoyajie Lu: Visualization and Validation; Weidi Sun: Project administration. Xianglin Cao: Conceptualization, Resources, Data curation, Writing-review & editing.

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Correspondence to Xianglin Cao.

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Chen, J., Zhou, J., Yuan, R. et al. Mild Pretreatment Combined with Fed-Batch Strategy to Improve the Enzymatic Efficiency of Apple Pomace at High-Solids Content. Bioenerg. Res. (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12155-024-10719-6

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