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Heterogeneous Catalysts from Metallic Oxides and Lignocellulosic Biomasses Ash for the Valorization of Feedstocks into Biodiesel: an Overview

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Abstract

Transesterifying various grade feedstocks is a way to reduce biodiesel production costs. Non-edible feedstocks are preferable. Feedstock blending also makes production flexible and economical. Transesterification is not feasible without having an effective and low-cost catalyst. Heterogeneous catalysts are found to be prioritized for simple and low-cost biodiesel production. Metal oxides are good candidates. Their use is well known and recent researches are concerned with developing methods to increase their activity, stability, and selectivity. Metal oxide blending and integrating with porous support are some of the methods. Ash derived from lignocellulosic biomass is also being studied as a relatively cheap and environmentally benign heterogeneous catalyst. Based on its composition, it can be considered as a supported mixed oxide catalyst. Its composition strongly depends on the inorganic chemical makeup of the lignocellulosic biomass and synthesis (mainly calcination) conditions. Alkali metal compounds–rich and silica-rich ashes can be employed as alkali catalysts and active site support respectively. This review intends to give an overview of the metallic oxide and lignocellulosic biomass ash-based catalysts that were examined for the transesterification of diverse feedstocks into biodiesel.

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Acknowledgements

We appreciate the Addis Ababa Science and Technology University (AASTU) for giving us ample time to finish the review paperwork.

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  1. Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Addis Ababa Science and Technology University, 16417, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

    Demelash Tilahun Bekele & Ali Shemsedin Reshad

  2. School of Chemical and Bio-Engineering, Ababa Institute of Technology, Addis Ababa University, 1176, AddisAddis Ababa, Ethiopia

    Nurelegne Tefera Shibeshi

  3. Center of Excellence for Sustainable Energy Research, Addis Ababa Science and Technology University, 16417, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

    Ali Shemsedin Reshad

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Bekele, D.T., Shibeshi, N.T. & Reshad, A.S. Heterogeneous Catalysts from Metallic Oxides and Lignocellulosic Biomasses Ash for the Valorization of Feedstocks into Biodiesel: an Overview. Bioenerg. Res. 16, 1361–1379 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12155-022-10546-7

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