Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Optimizing In vitro Culture Conditions for the Biotrophic Fungi Exobasidium vexans Through Response Surface Methodology

  • Original research article
  • Published:
Indian Journal of Microbiology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The blister blight disease caused by the fungus, Exobasidium vexans has serious implications on the quality of tea production. The disease however, has been poorly studied and hence there is very limited information on the pathogen and as such the pathogenesis of blister blight infection. One of the major roadblocks in understanding E. vexans is the obligate and biotrophic nature of the fungus which limits the establishment and maintenance of in vitro cultures. To address this issue, a Central Composite Design based Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was adopted to study the modification of three fungal culture media viz. czapek dox, potato dextrose, and v8 juice, and the effect of altered media composition on growth conditions and media compositions were assessed. The response parameter for the RSM experiments was the mycelial biomass produced under different culture conditions. The uni and bi-parametric interactions among the experimental variables provided the basis for the statistically optimized conditions for maximal fungal growth. The study thus presents the recommended modifications of existing media that can lead to the successful establishment and maintenance of E. vexans in vitro cultures.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Chandra S, Chakraborty N, Panda K, Acharya K (2017) Chitosan-induced immunity in Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze against blister blight disease is mediated by nitric-oxide. Plant Physiol Biochem 115:298–307. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plaphy.2017.04.008

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Sowndhararajan K, Marimuthu S, Manian S (2013) Biocontrol potential of phylloplane bacterium Ochrobactrum anthropi BMO-111 against blister blight disease of tea. J Appl Microbiol 114:209–218. https://doi.org/10.1111/jam.12026

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Bhorali P, Gohain B, Gupta S, Bharalee R, Bandyopadhyay T, Das SK, Agarwal N, Singh HR, Bhagawati P, Bhattacharyya N, Ahmed P (2012) Molecular analysis and expression profiling of blister blight defense-related genes in tea. Indian J Genet Pl Br 72:226. https://doi.org/10.13140/2.1.2468.3527

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Nagao H (2012) Effect of aqueous vitamin B on the growth of blister blight pathogen, Exobasidium vexans. Songklanakarin J Sci Technol 34:601–606

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Qiu J, Song F, Qiu Y, Li X, Guan X (2013) Optimization of the medium composition of a biphasic production system for mycelial growth and spore production of Aschersonia placenta using response surface methodology. J Invertebr Pathol 112:108–115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jip.2012.10.010

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Wu W, Ahn B (2014) Statistical optimization of ultraviolet irradiate conditions for vitamin D2 synthesis in oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus ostreatus) using response surface methodology. PLoS ONE 9:e95359. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0095359

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. de Oliveira CC, de Souza AKS, de Castro RJS (2019) Bioconversion of chicken feather meal by Aspergillus niger: simultaneous enzymes production using a cost-effective feedstock under solid state fermentation. Indian J Microbiol 59:209–216. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12088-019-00792-3

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Okoye CC, Onukwuli OD, Okey-Onyesolu CF (2018) Predictive capability evaluation of RSM and ANN models in adsorptive treatment of crystal violet dye simulated wastewater using activated carbon prepared from Raphia hookeri seeds. J Chin Adv Mater Soc 6:478–496. https://doi.org/10.1080/22243682.2018.1497534

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Gadd CH, Loos CA (1948) The basidiospores of exobasidium vexans. T Brit Mycol Soc 31:220–233. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0007-1536(48)80004-5

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Yang H, Zhao X, Liu C, Bai L, Zhao M, Li L (2018) Diversity and characteristics of colonization of root-associated fungi of Vaccinium uliginosum Sci Rep 8:15283. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-33634-1

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Fang H, Dong H, Cai T, Zheng P, Li H, Zhang D, Sun J (2016) In vitro optimization of enzymes involved in precorrin-2 synthesis using response surface methodology. PLoS ONE 11:e0151149. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0151149

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Zhang QY, Zhou WW, Zhou Y, Wanga XF, Xu JF (2012) Response surface methodology to design a selective co-enrichment broth of Escherichia coli PCR Microbiol Res 167:405–412. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micres.2012.02.003

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Jadhav SB, Surwase SN, Phugare SS, Jadhav JP (2013) Response surface methodology mediated optimization of Remazol Orange decolorization in plain distilled water by Pseudomonas aeruginosa BCH. Int J Environ 10:181–190. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-012-0088-9

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Liu W, Ji J, Chen H, Ye C (2014) Optimal color design of psychological counseling room by design of experiments and response surface methodology. PLoS ONE 9:e90646. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0090646

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Samuel M, Abigail EA, Chidambaram R (2015) Isotherm modelling, kinetic study and optimization of batch parameters using response surface methodology for effective removal of Cr (VI) using fungal biomass. PLoS ONE 10:e0116884. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0116884

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Shang H, Zhou H, Duan M, Li R, Wu H, Lou Y (2018) Extraction condition optimization and effects of drying methods on physicochemical properties and antioxidant activities of polysaccharides from comfrey (Symphytum officinale L.) root. Int J Biol Macromol 112:889–899. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.01.198

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Chandra M, Oro I, Ferreira-Dias S, Malfeito-Ferreira M (2015) Effect of ethanol, sulfur dioxide and glucose on the growth of wine spoilage yeasts using response surface methodology. PLoS ONE 10:e0128702. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0128702

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Acikel U, Erşan M, Acikel YS (2010) Optimization of critical medium components using response surface methodology for lipase production by Rhizopus delemar. Food Bioprod Process 88:31–39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fbp.2009.08.003

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Makadia AJ, Nanavati JI (2013) Optimisation of machining parameters for turning operations based on response surface methodology. Measurement 46:1521–1529. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2012.11.026

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors wish to acknowledge DBT, Govt. of India, for the Twinning Research Grant (Grant No. BT/427/NE/TBP/2013). Author C.C. would like to acknowledge DST, Govt. of India for her DST INSPIRE Junior Research Fellowship (IF-150964). The authors thank Ananda Tea Estate, Lakhimpur District, Assam for providing the blister blight infected tea leaf samples used in the study.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Tezpur, Assam, 784028, India

    Chayanika Chaliha & Eeshan Kalita

  2. Plant Immunity Laboratory, National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India

    Praveen K. Verma

Authors
  1. Chayanika Chaliha
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Eeshan Kalita
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Praveen K. Verma
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Eeshan Kalita.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Electronic supplementary material

Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.

Supplementary material 1 (DOCX 250 kb)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Chaliha, C., Kalita, E. & Verma, P.K. Optimizing In vitro Culture Conditions for the Biotrophic Fungi Exobasidium vexans Through Response Surface Methodology. Indian J Microbiol 60, 167–174 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12088-019-00846-6

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12088-019-00846-6

Keywords

Search

Navigation