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An authentication and key agreement scheme for smart grid

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Abstract

The Internet of Things (IoT) plays a crucial role in the new generation of smart cities, in which developing Internet of Energy (IoE) in the energy sector is a necessity also. Several schemes have been proposed so far and in this paper we analyze the security of a recently proposed authentication and key agreement framework for smart grid named PALK. Our security analysis demonstrates that an attacker can extract the user permanent identifier and password, which are enough to do any other attacks. To remedy the weaknesses and amend PALK, we propose an improved protocol based on Physical Unclonable Function(PUF) to provide desired security at a reasonable cost. We also prove the semantic security of constructed scheme by using the widely-accepted real and synthetic model, under the computationally hard Diffie-Hellman assumption. Computational and communication cost analysis of the improved protocol versus PALK, based on identical parameter sets on our experimental results on an Arduino UNO R3 board having microcontroller ATmega328P, shows 46% and 23% enhancements, respectively. We also provide, the energy consumption of the proposed protocol and each session of the protocol consumes almost 24 mJ energy. It shows that it is an appropriate choice for constrained environments, such as IoE.

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Funding

The founding sponsors had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analysis, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript, and in the decision to publish the results. In summary, the authors have no competing interests to declare that are relevant to the content of this article.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Computer Engineering Department, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University and School of Computer Science, Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM), Tehran, 16788-15811, Iran

    Masoumeh Safkhani

  2. Department of Mathematics, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut, 250004, India

    Saru Kumari

  3. ICS/5GIC, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU27XH, UK

    Mohammad Shojafar

  4. Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Ajay Kumar Garg Engineering College, Ghaziabad, 201009, India

    Sachin Kumar

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  1. Masoumeh Safkhani
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  2. Saru Kumari
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Correspondence to Saru Kumari.

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Safkhani, M., Kumari, S., Shojafar, M. et al. An authentication and key agreement scheme for smart grid. Peer-to-Peer Netw. Appl. 15, 1595–1616 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12083-022-01305-8

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