Abstract
The traditional view of the aortic valve and aortic root as a simple conduit for blood flow between the left ventricle and the aorta is evolving with new insights from anatomy, physiology, cell biology, and advanced imaging techniques. This article provides an overview of the changing understanding of aortic root anatomy, shedding light on the intricate structures that contribute to maintaining unidirectional blood flow and the durability of the aortic valve. From historical perspectives to contemporary microscopic details, the components of the aortic root are explored, including the sinutubular junction, aortic sinuses, valve leaflets, and interleaflet triangles. Microscopically, the aortic annulus and leaflets reveal a complex architecture that facilitates blood flow while withstanding lifetime stresses. Additionally, the clinical relevance of aortic anatomy in surgical interventions is emphasized, highlighting the importance of preserving natural anatomy and physiology. A thorough understanding of the aortic root’s complexity is crucial for optimizing therapeutic approaches and improving patient outcomes, paving the way for future advancements in aortic valve repair and regeneration techniques.
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Acknowledgements
Daniel Partridge, DAM and Capital Imaging Officer, Royal Collection Trust, St James’s Palace, London SW 1A 1JR, UK, for giving permission to publish the picture of the original drawing of the Aortic Valve by Leonardo da Vinci.
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Lansakara, M., Unai, S. An overview of aortic valve anatomy: the current understanding. Indian J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 39 (Suppl 2), 246–252 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12055-023-01645-x
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12055-023-01645-x